Table 2.
Distribution of Biomarker Values and Adjusted Odds Ratios for Case Patients (With AIDS or Death) and Associated Control Patients
| Biomarker | Case patients (N = 63) | Control patients (N = 126) | Adjusteda ORb (95% CI) | P | |
| Baseline (pre-ART) | |||||
| D-dimer, mg/L | 1.3 (0.6–2.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 2.4 (1.4–3.9) | .001 | |
| CRP, mg/L | 4.8 (1.2–12.4) | 1.5 (0.5–4.7) | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | .001 | |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3.9 (2.2–6.6) | 2.3 (1.5–4.5) | 1.8 (1.1–2.7) | .01 | |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 7.1 (4.5–13.7) | 6.1 (3.8–10.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | .08 | |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 8.3 (5.0–13.9) | 6.0 (3.9–9.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | .02 | |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 2.7 (1.5–6.3) | 2.6 (1.4–5.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | .80 | |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 17.3 (11.9–26.4) | 15.6 (12.5–20.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | .32 | |
| HA, ng/mL | 78.8 (49.9–128) | 49.9 (49.9–78.4) | 2.7 (1.3–5.5) | .006 | |
| CXCL10, mg/L | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | .66 | |
| sCD14, x106 pg/mL | 2.6 (2.3–3.1) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | .21 | |
| Month 1 | |||||
| D-dimer, mg/L | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 2.3 (1.2–4.4) | .01 | |
| CRP, mg/L | 14.0 (2.8–39.7) | 3.0 (1.0–8.5) | 2.9 (1.5–5.8) | .002 | |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 4.6 (2.4–10.7) | 1.9 (1.1–3.5) | 4.9 (2.2–10.8) | <.001 | |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 8.5 (3.8–15.5) | 4.5 (3.0–7.3) | 2.5 (1.4–4.5) | .002 | |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 7.1 (5.1–11.1) | 5.0 (3.1–7.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | .12 | |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 2.7 (1.4–9.5) | 1.7 (1.0–4.0) | 2.8 (1.5–5.2) | .001 | |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 17.2 (11.2–25.3) | 13.3 (9.7–17.6) | 3.2 (1.5–6.6) | .002 | |
| HA, ng/mL | 49.9 (49.9–65.4) | 49.9 (49.9–49.9) | 1.9 (0.8–4.6) | .13 | |
| CXCL10, mg/L | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) | .03 | |
| sCD14, x106 pg/mL | 2.7 (2.3–3.0) | 2.3 (2.0–2.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | .32 | |
NOTE. Data are median (IQR) unless otherwise specified. CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; HA, hyaluronic acid; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; IL-10, interleukin 10; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.
The odds ratios take into account the matching factors and are further adjusted for a history of an AIDS event and HIV RNA levels prior to ART initiation. The models for month 1 are also adjusted for the log-transformed baseline value of the biomarker and randomization group for the study.
For HA, the odds ratio is for individuals with detectable (≥50 ng/mL) values, compared with individuals with undetectable values. Undetectable HA values are entered as 49.9 ng/mL. For other biomarkers, the odds ratios are compared per IQR after log transformation. The assay lower limits of detection are for D-dimer, 0.045 mg/L; CRP, 0.016 mg/L; IFN-γ, 0.6 pg/mL; IL-6, 0.6 pg/mL; IL-8, 0.1 pg/mL; IL-10, 0.4 pg/mL; TNF-α, 0.6 pg/mL; HA, 50 ng/mL; CXCL10, 0.6 pg/mL; sCD14, 125 pg/mL.