Table 2.
Association between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer recurrence, 1416 men at Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1993–2006*
| No. of men who experienced recurrence/No. of men surgically treated for prostate cancer | Person-years | HR (95% CI) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 48/750 | 5479 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Ever | 58/666 | 4896 | 1.16 (0.78 to 1.74) |
| <0.5 pack/d† | 19/264 | 1939 | 1.05 (0.61 to 1.83) |
| ≥0.5 packs/d† | 28/304 | 2220 | 1.12 (0.68 to 1.85) |
| Per 0.5 pack/d† | 47/568 | 4159 | 1.00 (0.75 to 1.33) |
| <10 pack-years† | 24/283 | 1942 | 1.41 (0.85 to 2.34) |
| ≥10 pack-years† | 23/285 | 2217 | 0.87 (0.51 to 1.47) |
| Per 10 pack-years† | 44/537 | 3948 | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.14) |
| Former | |||
| 5 y before surgery | 49/571 | 4151 | 1.19 (0.79 to 1.82) |
| 1 y after surgery | 50/615 | 4497 | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.64) |
| Per 0.5 pack/d† | 43/547 | 3975 | 0.97 (0.72 to 1.30) |
| Per 10 pack-years† | 43/547 | 3975 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.12) |
| Current | |||
| 5 y before surgery | 9/95 | 745 | 1.19 (0.55 to 2.57) |
| 1 y after surgery | 8/51 | 399 | 2.31 (1.05 to 5.10) |
| Per 0.5 pack/d† | 4/21 | 184 | 2.10 (0.93 to 4.78) |
| Per 10 pack-years† | 4/21 | 184 | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.89) |
*
Follow-up began 1 year after surgery. HR and 95% CI estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for age, race, family history, year of prostatectomy, preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels, stage, grade, surgical margins, and body mass index from the same time period. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.
†
Analysis in subset of 1318 men with complete information on smoking amount and duration.