Table 1. Baseline characteristics of non-smoking initiators and smoking initiators.

		Never Smokers (n= 1455)		Smoking in 7th and 8th Grades (n = 316)
Independent Variables		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value
Hostility		7.9	2.7	9.2	7.8	<0.0001
Depressive Symptoms		6.8	2.7	8.1	3.7	<0.0001
Bullying		n	%	n	%
Controls		980	67.4	179	56.6	<0.01
	Bullies	65	4.5	20	6.3
	Bully-Victims	111	7.6	47	14.9
Covariates		n	%	n	%	p-value
Gender	Girl	819	56.3	161	50.9	ns
	Boy	636	43.7	155	49.1
Ethnicity	Hispanic/Latino	512	35.2	163	51.2	<0.01
	Asian	432	29.7	42	13.3
	Caucasian	170	11.7	29	9.2
	African-American	21	1.4	6	1.9
	Multiethnic	231	15.9	54	17.1
	Other	89	6.1	22	7.0
Immigration Status	Non-immigrant	204	14.0	46	14.6	ns
	Immigrant	1251	86.0	270	85.4
Acculturative Stress a	No	1002	68.9	197	62.3	< .01
	Yes	249	17.1	73	23.1
Experimental Condition	Control group	540	37.1	116	36.7	ns
	Standard program	422	29.0	100	31.6
	FLAVOR program	493	33.9	100	31.6
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value
Age (Years)		11.27	0.49	11.34	0.52	0.02
Socioeconomic status		0.19	0.72	-0.09	0.70	<0.001

^aImmigrants only