Table 1.
Percentage of Occurrence (± SE) for Variables Assessed Across the Three Generations Arrayed By the Original (G2) Abused and Comparison Groupings
| Variable | Abused Group | Comparison Group | F(df), p |
|---|---|---|---|
| G1 (caregivers): | N = 60 | N = 68 | |
| History of childhood sexual abuse | 49.23 ± 13.15 | 16.01 ± 4.91 | 15.41(1, 124), p < .01 |
| G2 (original sample): | N = 82 | N = 84 | |
| At least one sexual victimization | 29.55 ± 8.78 | 15.54 ± 5.13 | n.s. |
| At least one physical victimization | 56.85 ± 14.99 | 30.33 ± 10.45 | 9.67(1, 162), p < .01 |
| Childhood depression via CDI | 15.11 ± 5.45 | 7.08 ± 3.13 | n.s. |
| Adulthood depression via BDI | 18.19 ± 6.56 | 5.87 ± 2.10 | 6.45(1, 162), p < .01 |
| PTSD | 13.14 ± 4.14 | 6.16 ± 2.23 | n.s. |
| At least one psychiatric diagnosis | 30.06 ± 10.02 | 13.96 ± 4.19 | 5.37(1, 162), p < .05 |
| Substance dependence | 19.44 ± 6.88 | 5.46 ± 2.42 | 6.28(1, 162), p < .05 |
| Alcohol dependence | 13.35 ± 3.19 | 2.56 ± 0.98 | 5.01(1, 162), p < .05 |
| Regular smoker | 39.68 ± 10.14 | 29.78 ± 9.05 | n.s. |
| Dissociation via DES | 12.23 ± 4.11 | 8.88 ± 3,89 | n.s. |
| High school dropout | 15.23 ± 5.34 | 6.09 ± 2.13 | 6.07(1, 162), p < .05 |
| Domestic violence | 53.23 ± 14.23 | 24.01 ± 10.76 | 9.45(1, 162), p < .01 |
| Obese | 42.33 ± 10.23 | 28.01 ± 9.45 | 5.67(1, 162), p < .05 |
| G3 (offspring): | OA N = 78 | OC N = 57 | |
| Racial minority | 43.56 ± 10.11 | 66.07 ± 9.22 | 5.67(1, 132), p < .05 |
| Female | 56.06 ± 8.00 | 49.12 ± 7.54 | n.s. |
| Children per family (average #) | 1.74 ± 0.22 | 1.70 ± 0.23 | n.s. |
| Deceased (#) | 3 | 0 | NAc |
| Unintendeda | 22.56 ± 8.12 | 23.51 ± 9.34 | n.s. |
| Born to a teenage mother | 37.25 ± 9.11 | 20.26 ± 8.34 | 4.99(1, 130), p < .05 |
| Born preterma | 19.11 ± 7.12 | 10.06 ± 6.12 | 4.97(1, 118), p < .05 |
| Child protective services involvedb | 17.91 ± 3.34 | 1.78 ± 0.01 | 12.23(1, 118), p < .01 |
| Cognitive deficitb | 32.02 ± 9.98 | 22.11 ± 7.61 | n.s. |
Note: Mean comparisons based on individual F tests via ANCOVA models with minority status and age covaried (Bonferroni corrections imposed). Number of siblings (0–3) and gender were additional covariates in G3 models. CDI = Childhood Depression Inventory; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; DES = Dissociative Experiences Scale; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; OA = offspring born to abused mothers; OC = offspring born to comparison mothers.
data available only for T6 assessments (N = 123);
data available only for a restricted developmental range (N = 86);
test not applicable because of zero variance in the OC sample.