Frequency of villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) in each group with chronic chorioamnionitis (CCA). (a) Frequency of VUE in each group ranged from 13% (PPE group) to 25% (TPE group). (b) Concomitant VUE was found in 38.2% and 35.9% of PTL and PPROM cases with CCA, respectively, but in 9.1% and 6.6% of PTL and PPROM cases without CCA, respectively. TNL: Term not in labor, TIL: term in labor, PTL: preterm labor, PPROM: preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes, TPE: preeclampsia at term, PPE: preterm preeclampsia, SGA: small-for-gestational-age at term.