Table 1.
Genetic diversity estimated using DNASP for each locus: Hd, haplotype diversity; S, number of segregating sites and π, nucleotide diversity.
| Locus | Nbp/Nvar | Population | Nalleles | θ (from S) | Nhaplotype | Hd | S | π | Fu's Fs/R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND2 | 1041/170 | debilis sensu lato | 110 | 0.03106 | 43 | 0.948 | 170 | 0.05776 | 11.200/0.1757 |
| albigula (Nguru + Usambara Mts) | 59 | 0.00539 | 13 | 0.844 | 25 | 0.00586 | 1.303/0.1175 | ||
| Nguru Mts | 38 | 0.00161 | 6 | 0.751 | 7 | 0.00215 | 1.120/0.0839 | ||
| Usambara Mts | 21 | 0.00375 | 7 | 0.562 | 14 | 0.00239 | -0.458/0.1553 | ||
| Lowland (rabai + debilis sensu stricto) | 51 | 0.02034 | 30 | 0.965 | 95 | 0.02068 | -1.521//0.1103 | ||
| rabai | 41 | 0.01216 | 22 | 0.948 | 54 | 0.00833 | -3.976**/0.0740 | ||
| debilis sensu stricto | 10 | 0.00579 | 8 | 0.956 | 17 | 0.00681 | -1.104/0.1827 | ||
| FGB | 559/17 | debilis sensu lato | 184 | 0.00525 | 17 | 0.575 | 17 | 0.00432 | -3.383*/0.0706 |
| albigula (Nguru + Usambara Mts) | 118 | 0.00067 | 3 | 0.05 | 2 | 0.00009 | -3.527*/0.0466* | ||
| Nguru Mts | 76 | 0.00036 | 2 | 0.052 | 1 | 0.00009 | -1.248/0.0260** | ||
| Usambara Mts | 42 | 0.00042 | 2 | 0.048 | 1 | 0.00009 | -1.149/0.1525 | ||
| Lowland (rabai + debilis sensu stricto) | 66 | 0.00564 | 15 | 0.777 | 15 | 0.00460 | -4.127**/0.0852 | ||
| rabai | 58 | 0.00425 | 10 | 0.713 | 11 | 0.00401 | -1.198/0.1018 | ||
| debilis sensu stricto | 8 | 0.00483 | 6 | 0.929 | 7 | 0.00530 | -1.637/0.1866 | ||
| GAPDH | 328/15 | debilis sensu lato | 208 | 0.00776 | 20 | 0.827 | 15 | 0.00622 | -7.122**/0.0676 |
| albigula (Nguru + Usambara Mts) | 110 | 0.00464 | 11 | 0.824 | 8 | 0.00619 | -1.261/0.1266 | ||
| Nguru Mts | 68 | 0.00511 | 10 | 0.824 | 8 | 0.00683 | -0.934/0.1397 | ||
| Usambara Mts | 42 | 0.00355 | 6 | 0.661 | 5 | 0.00329 | -1.016/0.1074 | ||
| Lowland (rabai + debilis sensu stricto) | 98 | 0.00771 | 16 | 0.556 | 13 | 0.00351 | -10.918**/0.0439 | ||
| rabai | 70 | 0.00762 | 15 | 0.634 | 12 | 0.00443 | -8.485**/0.0596 | ||
| debilis sensu stricto | 28 | 0.00157 | 3 | 0.320 | 2 | 0.00103 | -0.731/0.0840 | ||
| BRM | 364/12 | debilis sensu lato | 168 | 0.00530 | 14 | 0.849 | 11 | 0.00768 | -0.914/0.1257 |
| albigula (Nguru + Usambara Mts) | 96 | 0.00214 | 4 | 0.639 | 4 | 0.00226 | 0.852/0.1100 | ||
| Nguru Mts | 62 | 0.00264 | 4 | 0.633 | 4 | 0.00264 | 0.947/0.1284 | ||
| Usambara Mts | 34 | 0.00067 | 2 | 0.428 | 1 | 0.00118 | 1.407/0.2139 | ||
| Lowland (rabai + debilis sensu stricto) | 72 | 0.00397 | 10 | 0.815 | 7 | 0.00511 | -1.598/0.1328 | ||
| rabai | 58 | 0.00415 | 9 | 0.759 | 7 | 0.00508 | -1.221/0.1321 | ||
| debilis sensu stricto | 14 | 0.00259 | 4 | 0.692 | 3 | 0.00353 | 0.135/0.2143 | ||
In the absence of selection, significant negative values of Fu's Fs and low values of R2 are indicative of population expansion (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). For the three nuclear loci, only alleles with phase probabilities greater than 0.75 were included in the analyses. The subspecies rabai includes all individuals from lowland Tanzania (including the three specimens from SE Tanzania, whereas subspecies debilis only includes individuals from Mozambique and Zimbabwe, see text for details).