Table 3. Mixed effects model statistics of the seven response variables with the explanatory variables farming system, field location and the interaction of farming system and field location.

	df		Plant species richness	Vegetation cover	Pollinator species richness	Pollinator abundance	Aphid abundance	Predator abundance	Predator-prey ratio
Farming system (conventional/organic)	1,28	F	96.99	86.01	134.32	180.16	91.04	12.90	25.60
		P	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0001
			↓	↓	↓	↓	↑	↓	↓
Field location (edge/centre)	1,28	F	71.13	66.27	10.88	35.45	13.35	26.04	11.33
		P	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.003	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0001	0.002
			↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑
Framing system×Field location	1,28	F	7.89	46.44	<0.01	5.13	7.63	0.44	9.91
		P	0.009	<0.0001	0.971	0.032	0.010	0.515	0.004

Field identity was used as a random effect. Response variables were transformed (see statistical analyses). Mean and SE are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 or in the text.

↑ = conventional or edge is higher, ↓ = conventional or edge is lower.