Figure 3. The effects of dysregulation of SPHK1 expression on epirubicin induced-apoptosis in vivo.

(A) Tumor volumes were measured on the indicated days. Left panel, indicated cells (2×10⁶) were injected in the flank of nude mice. When the mean tumor volume reached approximately 50 mm³, the mice were injected i.p. with epirubicin (5 mg/kg), every 3 days, up to 15 days. Right panel, U87MG-vector cells (2×10⁶) were injected in the flank of nude mice. When the mean tumor volume reached approximately 50 mm³, the mice were randomized into two groups (n = 5) and injected intraperitoneally either with epirubicin (Epi, 5 mg/kg) or epirubicin (Epi, 5 mg/kg) plus SK1-I (50 mg/kg) every 3 days, up to 15days. (B) Mean tumor weights were measured. Immunofluorescent images (C) and quantification (D) of TUNEL positive cells. For (B) and (D), error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments with similar results *, p<0.05.