Table 3.
Photographic Measurements.
Reference | Method or Scale | Subject | Population | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pezner (41) | Breast Retraction Assessment (BRA) | Patient & clear acrylic grid and photographs | 29 Normal women compared to 27 BCT patients | BRA was significantly greater for breast cancer patients than for the control groups. BRA calculations correlated with the size of resection. |
Van Limbergen (38, 39) | BRA and panel scoring | AP Photographs | 142 BCT patients | Significant correlations between BRA and the subjective scores were found. Increased BRA associated with poorer cosmetic outcome. p = 0.0001: X square test, Kendall Tau B and Kendall Tau C |
Vrieling (40) | BRA and pBRA | AP Photographs | 647 patients | Found a significant correlation between pBRA and subjective assessment at a three-year follow-up except for those with inferomedially located tumors (Ļ = 0.24 ā 0.53). |
Sacchini (42) | 4 measures of distances between fiducial points | AP Digital images | 148 BCT patients | A 3-member panel, comprised of either health care professionals or patients, assessed the images. Significant difference in the aesthetic outcome among groups was reported. |
Kim (44) | Ratios of distances between fiducial points | digitized/digital images of oblique and lateral (pre-operative) | 52 BRC patients | The variability in the objective measurements due to intra- and inter- observer variability in marking fiducial points was shown to be equivalent to less than one point on the subjective ptosis scale. |