Table 2.
Species means and (standard deviations) for jaw-muscle (a) architectural and (b) EMG variables.
| a. Architectural data | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species Group | N1 | Superficial Masseter | Temporalis | |||||
| Weight (g) | Fiber Length (mm) | PCSA (cm2) | Weight (g) | Fiber Length (mm) | PCSA (cm2) | Condyle – M1 Length3 | ||
| Treeshrew | 5 | 0.90 (0.36) | 8.96 (1.74) | 0.95 (0.24) | 0.81 (0.32) | 8.19 (2.44) | 0.76 (0.20) | 21.31 (1.30) |
| Galago | 3 / 2 2 | 2.88 (0.44) | 9.19 (1.20) | 2.76 (0.45) | 2.76 (-) | 8.5 (-) | - | 31.66 (1.76) |
| Ring-tail Lemur | 1 | 2.41 (-) | 9.70 (-) | 2.29 (-) | 3.89 (-) | 10.8 (-) | 3.27 (-) | 38.20 (1.51) |
| Marmoset | 18 | 1.10 (0.18) | 7.46 (1.22) | 1.31 (0.30) | 1.53 (0.22) | 9.06 (2.02) | 1.60 (0.35) | 18.48 (0.63) |
| Owl Monkey | 9 | 2.04 (0.41) | 11.08 (2.41) | 1.71 (0.23) | 2.27 (0.23) | 9.98 (1.04) | 2.03 (0.10) | 26.03 (0.73) |
| Capuchin | 12 | 5.87 (0.83) | 11.56 (1.13) | 5.46 (0.75) | 14.18 (2.49) | 14.29 (1.30) | 8.73 (0.99) | 42.09 (4.21) |
| Macaque | 6 | 7.31 (4.22) | 11.95 (1.92) | 6.76 (1.32) | 22.0 (3.46) | 17.36 (3.28) | 11.99 (1.77) | 57.31 (6.41) |
| Baboon | 3 | 50.67 (18.8) | 19.21 (5.82) | 23.87 (2.35) | 108.67 (45.0) | 45.64 (16.7) | 21.91 (4.30) | 96.11 (11.64) |
| b. W/B Ratios | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species Group | Superficial Masseter W/B Ratio | Anterior Temporalis W/B Ratio | Posterior Temporalis W/B Ratio | |||||
| Treeshrew | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.0 | |||||
| Galago | 2.2 | 4.4 | 2.4 | |||||
| Ring-tail Lemur | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | |||||
| Marmoset | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | |||||
| Owl Monkey | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |||||
| Capuchin | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |||||
| Macaque | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |||||
| Baboon | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | |||||
1
N=sample size. Additionally, not all cadavers possessed both masseter and temporalis muscles.
2
The first number represents masseter sample size based on new data published here while the second number indicates the sample size for temporalis weight and fiber length from Perry and Wall (2008).
3
Condyle-M1 lengths and jaw-muscle architectural variables are not necessarily from the same individuals.