Table 2.
Examples of annular lipids
| Protein | Method | Lipid | Function | Selected references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquaporin | Electron crystallography, X-ray crystallography | various | Protein structure | Recently reviewed in Andrews et al. 2008 |
| Bacteriorhodopsin | X-ray crystallography, electron crystallography | various | Protein fold (“building blocks”), reprotonation (photocycle) | Luecke et al. 1999; recently reviewed in Raunser and Walz 2009 |
| Gramicidin (gA) | Capacitance measurements, solid-state NMR | di-18:2-PC, lyso-PLs | Conformational state (conductance) | Koeppe and Anderson 1996; Mobashery et al. 1997; Girshman et al. 1997; Martinac and Hamill 2002 |
| Large-conductance mechanosensitive channel (E. coli; MscL) | Patch clamp analyses, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) | lyso-PLs | Conformational state (conductance) | Vasquez et al. 2008; for a review see Powl et al. 2005 |
| Light-harvesting complex II (LHII) | X-ray crystallography, lipid mass spectrometry | PE, PG | Photosynthetic membrane biogenesis | Liu et al. 2004; Kwa et al. 2008 |
| Na,K-ATPase | Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) | PS, CL | Enzymatic activity (antiport of Na+ and K+) | Reviewed in Esmann et al. 2006 |
| Outer membrane protein F (E. coli; OmpF) | Förster resonance Energy transfer (FRET) | di-14:1-PLs | oligomeric state (trimeric complex) | O'Keeffe et al. 2000 |
| Sarcoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) | Transport and fluorescence assays, phosphoresence anisotropy | di-18:1-PC, PE | rate of dephosphorylation, modulation of the phosphorylation domain | Starling et al. 1995; Hunter et al. 1999a,b |
For details, see text and Ernst et al. 2010.