Table 1.
Food list (134 items) and 43 food groups used for computation of dietary patterns
| Food Groups (43) | Food List (134 items of the retrospective food frequency questionnaire) |
|---|---|
| 1-White bread | French bread |
| 2-Milk | Whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk, condensed & sweetened milk, goat milk |
| 3-Cheese | Semi-hard cheese, Emmental cheese, uncured cheese 30% |
| 4-Yogurt | Semi-skimmed yogurt |
| 5-Chamia1, nuts, chocolate | Chamia, almond nuts, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, chocolate bar, hazelnut chocolate, milk chocolate, dried raisin. |
| 6-Sugars | Jam, white sugar cubes, white sugar granulated powder, sweets |
| 7-Sweetened beverages | Sodas |
| 8-Butter | Butter |
| 9-Lamb fat | Cooked lamb fat |
| 10-Fruits and fresh fruit juices | Dates, orange, mandarin, grapefruit, pear, apple, fresh lemon juice, fresh orange juice |
| 11-Processed fruits | Green olive in brine, ripe olive in brine |
| 12-Eggs | Fresh egg, fried egg, boiled egg |
| 13-Fish | Broiled mackerel, fried fish, grilled fish |
| 14-Other sea food | Boiled cuttlefish, cooked dried octopus |
| 15-Canned fish | Canned tuna |
| 16-Lamb Meat | Boiled lamb meat, braised lamb meat, grilled lamb meat |
| 17-Beef meat | Grilled beef meat, stew beef meat |
| 18-Goat meat | Boiled goat meat |
| 19-Beef and lamb offals | Boiled beef tripe, boiled beef feet, braised beef liver, boiled lamb brain, boiled lamb heart, boiled lamb kidneys, boiled lamb lungs, boiled lamb sweetbreads, boiled lamb spleen, grilled lamb liver, braised lamb liver |
| 20-Chicken meat | Roasted chicken leg meat, fried chicken leg meat |
| 21-Turkey meat | Roasted turkey breast, roasted turkey meat |
| 22-Processed turkey meat | Cooked turkey salami |
| 23-Olive oil | Virgin olive oil |
| 24-Soybean Oil | Refined soybean oil |
| 25-Bread, wholemeal | Wholemeal bread |
| 26-Couscous, pasta, semoulina | Cornstarch, cooked pasta, couscous, cooked pearled barley, dried pearled barley, cooked semolina, dry whole grain wheat |
| 27-Rice | Rice |
| 28-Cereal flours | Cooked sorghum flour, cooked whole barley flour, cooked hard red wheat flour |
| 29- Dry legumes | Boiled mature broad bean, cooked mature chickpeas, dried mature chickpeas (powder), cooked mature kidney beans, boiled lentils |
| 30-Green legumes | Cooked fava, cooked broad bean (immature), cooked green peas, cooked green beans |
| 31-Boiled potatoes | Boiled potatoes |
| 32-Fried potatoes | French fried potatoes |
| 33-Processed vegetables | Canned tomato paste |
| Canned cooked mixed vegetables | |
| 34-Green-yellow vegetables | Broiled tomato, cooked carrots, cooked celery, cooked fennel leaf, fresh parsley, boiled tomato, raw tomato, fried tomato, fried green pepper, boiled green pepper, boiled pumpkin, lettuce leaves, cooked Chorocus glinopus, cooked chard, boiled whole beets |
| 35-Other fresh vegetables | Cooked cardoon, raw cucumber, boiled turnips, boiled white onion, raw white onions |
| 36-Salt | Added salt (iodized) |
| 37-Spices | Black pepper, cinnamon powder, coriander seed, cumin seed, curry powder, fennel seed, ground thyme, dried spearmint leaves |
| 38-Other condiments | Capers, cider vinegar, brewer's yeast, compressed baker's yeast, |
| 39-Garlic | Fresh or cooked garlic |
| 40-Harissa2 | Home made harissa, mixed harissa, confectionnary harissa, red pepper powder |
| 41-Tea | Tea |
| 42-Coffee | Coffee |
| 43-Water | Tap water |
1-Chamia: typical oriental sweet preparation of sweetened sesame seeds paste often also including dried fruits or nuts.
2-Harissa: typical Tunisian very spicy chili preparation.