Table 1.
Comparative analysis of in vitro studies performed for assessing anti-cancer properties of purified berberine (>99%) in various human cancer and normal cells
| Cells Type (Human) | Cell Line | Concentration Range Tested | Percent Cell Death at max. Dose after 24 h (Approx; %) | IC50 (μg/ml) after 24 h | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μM | μg/ml | |||||
| Tongue squamous carcinoma | SCC-4 | 15 - 100 | 5.58 - 37 | 45 | 28 (48 h) | [55] |
| Prostrate carcinoma | LNCaP | 10 - 100 | 3.7 - 37 | 35 | >37 | [19] |
| 5 - 100 | 1.8 - 37 | 65 | 22.3 | [56] | ||
| DU145 | 10 - 100 | 3.7 - 37 | 40 | >37 | [19] | |
| PC-3 | 10- 100 | 3.7 - 37 | 70 | 18.6 | [19] | |
| 5 - 100 | 1.8 - 37 | 50 | 37 | [56] | ||
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma | HSC-3 | 5 - 75 | 1.8 - 28 | 82 | 6.7 | [57] |
| Non-small cell lung carcinoma | A549 | 25 - 100 | 9.3 - 37 | 55 | 28 | [21] |
| H1299 | 25 - 100 | 9.3 - 37 | 50 (48 h) | 37 (48 h) | [21] | |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 5-8F | 2.5 - 100 | 0.93 - 37 | 50 | 37 | [58] |
| Leukemia | HL-60 | 5 - 60 | 1.8 -22 | 70 | <11 | [59] |
| Hepatoma | KIM-1 | 0.01 - 100 | 0.0037 - 37 | 35 | 14.88 | [35] |
| Hep3B | 0.32- 320 | 0.119 - 119 | 8.5 | Not defined | [60] | |
| HA22T/VGH | 0.32 - 320 | 0.119 - 119 | 1 | Not defined | [60] | |
| HepG2 | 28 - 107 | 10 - 40 | 95 | 13 (48 h) | [61] | |
| 1 - 10 | 0.37 - 3.7 | 70 | 0.52 | [62] | ||
| 0.32 - 320 | 0.119 - 119 | 6 | ND | [60] | ||
| Glioma | U87 | 1 -20 | 1 - 7.4 | 40 | >7.4 | [63] |
| T98G | 134 - 538 | 50 - 200 | 60 | 134 | [17] | |
| Gastric carcinoma | SNU-5 | 50 - 200 | 18.6 - 74 | 95 | 17.85 | [20] |
| Embryonic kidney | HEK-293T | 1 - 10 | 0.37 - 3.7 | 35 | 5 | [62] |
| Epidermoid carcinoma | A431 | 5 - 75 | 1.8 - 28 | 45 | >28 | [14] |
| Breast carcinoma | MDA-MB-231 | 1 - 10 | 1 - 3.7 | 0 | Not defined | [24] |
| Cervical carcinoma | C33a (HPV-) | 2.7 - 672 | 1 - 250 | 24 | >250 | Current study |
| CaSki (HPV16+) | 50 - 150 | 18.6 - 55.8 | 80 | 42 | [26] | |
| SiHa (HPV16+) | 2.7 - 672 | 1 - 250 | 87 | 90 | Current study | |
| HeLa (HPV18+) | 0.27 - 403 | 0.1 - 150 | ND | 6 | [49] | |
| 0.1 - 10 | 0.037 - 3.7 | No effect | Not defined | [64] | ||
| 33.5 - 269 | 12.5 - 100 | 50 | 100 | [50] | ||
| 1 - 10 | 0.37 - 3.7 | 48 | 4 | [62] | ||
| 2.7 - 672 | 1 - 250 | 90 | 75 | Current study | ||
| Normal Cells | Bronchial epithelium | 25 - 100 | 9.3 - 37 | 5 | No effect | [21] |
| Lymphocytes | 2.7 - 672 | 1 - 250 | 4 | No effect | Current study | |
| Prostrate epithelium (PWR-1E) | 5 - 100 | 1.8 - 37 | 40 | Not defined | [56] | |
| 10 - 100 | 3.7 - 37 | 5 | No effect | [19] | ||
| Epidermal keratinocytes | 5 - 75 | 1.8 - 28 | 11 (48 h) | No effect | [14] | |