Table 1.
Predictors of support for a law to ban smoking in cars with children among smokers in the USA, Australia, Canada and the UK (N = 6232)a,b
| Variable | n (%) | Support (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | ||||
| USA | 1427 (23) | 59 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Canada | 1622 (26) | 74 | 1.93 (1.57–2.36) | <0.0001 |
| UK | 1608 (26) | 75 | 2.51 (2.02–3.12) | <0.0001 |
| Australia | 1575 (25) | 82 | 3.66 (2.93–4.58) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 2921 (47) | 75 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Male | 3311 (53) | 71 | 0.89 (0.77–1.04) | 0.14 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 770 (12) | 80 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| 25–39 | 2075 (33) | 75 | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.31 |
| 40–54 | 2167 (35) | 70 | 0.88 (0.63–1.21) | 0.42 |
| ≥55 | 1220 (20) | 70 | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) | 0.77 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 5523 (89) | 72 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Non-white | 709 (11) | 77 | 1.42 (1.10–1.83) | 0.007 |
| Education | ||||
| Low | 3130 (50) | 74 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Moderate | 2018 (32) | 72 | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | 0.05 |
| High | 1084 (18) | 71 | 0.79 (0.64–0.98) | 0.03 |
| Income | ||||
| Low | 1623 (27) | 71 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Moderate | 2076 (33) | 74 | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | 0.37 |
| High | 2132 (34) | 74 | 1.05 (0.85–1.28) | 0.68 |
| No answer | 401 (6) | 69 | 0.83 (0.62–1.13) | 0.24 |
| Children under 18 in homec | ||||
| Yes | 2532 (41) | 73 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| No | 3700 (59) | 73 | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) | 0.02 |
| Intentions to quit | ||||
| Not planning to quit | 1779 (29) | 63 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Beyond 6 months | 2335 (37) | 74 | 1.28 (1.05–1.54) | 0.01 |
| In the next 6 months | 1352 (22) | 78 | 1.41 (1.14–1.74) | 0.001 |
| In the next 30 days | 691 (11) | 82 | 1.80 (1.36–2.38) | <0.0001 |
| Do not know | 75 (1) | 80 | 1.80 (0.95–3.42) | 0.08 |
| Heaviness of Smoking Index | ||||
| 6—high dependence | 761 (12) | 59 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| 5 | 718 (12) | 63 | 0.91 (0.63–1.51) | 0.97 |
| 4 | 1190 (19) | 66 | 1.14 (0.76–1.71) | 0.51 |
| 3 | 1721 (28) | 73 | 1.37 (0.93–2.03) | 0.11 |
| 2 | 1141 (18) | 78 | 1.76 (1.17–2.66) | 0.007 |
| 1 | 513 (8) | 78 | 1.75 (1.12–2.72) | 0.01 |
| 0—low dependence | 188 (3) | 81 | 1.90 (1.22–2.97) | 0.005 |
| Believe cigarette smoke is dangerous to non-smokers | ||||
| Strongly disagree, disagree or neither agree or disagree | 1096 (18) | 48 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Strongly agree or agree | 5065 (81) | 78 | 2.57 (2.13–3.11) | <0.0001 |
| Do not know | 71 (1) | 68 | 2.01 (1.09–3.71) | 0.02 |
| Knowledge that exposure to cigarette smoke is related to asthma in children | ||||
| No | 971 (15) | 51 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Yes | 4913 (79) | 78 | 2.01 (1.65–2.47) | <0.0001 |
| Do not know | 348 (6) | 68 | 1.60 (1.14–2.23) | 0.006 |
| Concern for modelling smoking to children | ||||
| Strongly disagree, disagree or neither agree nor disagree | 2144 (35) | 62 | 1.00 (ref.) | ref. |
| Strongly agree or agree | 4002 (64) | 79 | 1.81 (1.53–2.12) | <0.0001 |
| Do not know | 88 (1) | 74 | 1.27 (0.73–2.16) | 0.37 |
a: First category listed is the reference
b: All sample sizes and frequencies are weighted
c: Although the percentage levels of support for those with and without children did not differ, the adjusted analysis showed that those without children were more likely to support bans than those with children
OR, Odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval