. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2011 Mar 17;152(6):1311–1316. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.002

Table 3.

Psychosocial & Physical Characteristics of Whiplash Cohort (N = 322)

Variables	No FMS 86% (N = 278)	FMS 14% (N = 44)	p-value	Cohen’s d
Neck Disability Index - NDI (SD)	23.6 (14.3)	40.7 (16.0)	<.001	1.1
Depressive Symptoms - CESD (SD)	16.1 (9.3)	25.6 (10.5)	<.001	0.9
Pain Severity - MPI (SD)	2.2 (1.3)	3.3 (1.3)	<.001	0.8
Fear Level - PFACTS	213.3 (131.9)	330.0 (179.5)	<.001	0.7
Anxiety - PASS (SD)	60.1 (25.2)	81.6 (32.4)	<.001	0.7
Self-Efficacy - CPSS (SD)	228.5 (53.8)	190.0 (61.1)	<.001	0.7
Standardized Neck Range-of-Motion (SD)	0 (1.0)	−0.5 (1.0)	<.001	0.5
Standardized Neck Strength (SD)	0 (1.0)	−0.4 (0.9)	.002	0.4