Table 1.
Statistical analysis results for all outcome measures (N = 37)
| Conditiona | Timeb | Cond × Time | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | p | F | p | F | p | |
| Physiological Measures | ||||||
| Nicotinec | 34.70 | <.001 | 15.5 | <.001 | 20.1 | <.001 |
| Heart Rated | 17.70 | <.001 | 11.3 | <.001 | 13.7 | <.001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressuree | 5.20 | <.05 | 1.3 | n.s. | 1.1 | n.s. |
| Diastolic Blood Pressuree | 1.20 | n.s. | 1.3 | n.s. | 2.0 | n.s. |
| Mean Arterial Pressuref | 4.60 | <.05 | 1.1 | n.s. | 0.1 | n.s. |
| COHbc | 0.4 | n.s. | 95.7 | <.001 | 0.7 | n.s. |
| COc | 0.0 | n.s. | 104.2 | <.001 | 0.1 | n.s. |
| Nog | 0.7 | n.s. | 0.47 | n.s. | 0.8 | n.s. |
| FEV1h | 0.0 | n.s. | 8.1 | <.01 | 0.0 | n.s. |
| FVCh | 0.2 | n.s. | 5.7 | <.05 | 0.8 | n.s. |
| FEV1/FVCh | 0.5 | n.s. | 0.1 | n.s. | 3.0 | n.s. |
| Hughes and Hatsukamii | ||||||
| Urges to smoke a waterpipe | 2.0 | n.s | 6.7 | <.05 | 0.1 | n.s. |
| Irritability/Frustration/Anger | 2.8 | n.s | 0.8 | n.s | 0.9 | n.s. |
| Anxious | 1.4 | n.s | 5.9 | <.05 | 0.0 | n.s. |
| Difficulty concentrating | 0.0 | n.s | 0.0 | n.s | 0.4 | n.s |
| Restlessness | 2.4 | n.s | 0.1 | n.s | 0.1 | n.s |
| Hunger | 0.7 | n.s | 2.8 | n.s | 0.0 | n.s |
| Impatient | 0.0 | n.s | 0.0 | n.s | 1.4 | n.s |
| Craving a waterpipe/Nicotine | 0.3 | n.s | 1.6 | n.s | 0.2 | n.s |
| Drowsiness | 2.5 | n.s | 1.7 | n.s | 0.0 | n.s |
| Depression/Feeling blue | 0.3 | n.s | 0.7 | n.s | 2.0 | n.s |
| Desire for sweets | 2.6 | n.s | 0.2 | n.s | 2.3 | n.s |
| Tiffany-Drobes Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU)i | ||||||
| Factor 1 | 0.3 | n.s | 38.5 | <.001 | 3.3 | n.s |
| Factor 2 | 2.3 | n.s | 4.1 | n.s. | 0.0 | n.s |
| Direct Effects Of Nicotinei | ||||||
| Nauseous | 0.8 | n.s | 2.2 | n.s | 4.0 | n.s |
| Dizzy | 0.5 | n.s. | 9.8 | <.01 | 1.8 | n.s |
| Lightheaded | 0.0 | n.s | 17.6 | <.001 | 4.0 | n.s. |
| Nervous | 0.8 | n.s | 2.2 | n.s | 4.0 | n.s |
| Sweaty | 7.3 | <.05 | 2.3 | n.s | 1.3 | n.s |
| Headache | 0.2 | n.s | 1.7 | n.s | 0.6 | n.s |
| Excessive Salivation | 1.0 | n.s | 8.5 | <.05 | 0.4 | n.s |
| Heart Pounding | 3.2 | n.s | 9.8 | <.01 | 0.3 | n.s |
| Confused | 1.9 | n.s | 0.0 | n.s | 0.2 | n.s |
| Weak | 0.3 | n.s | 3.0 | n.s | 2.0 | n.s |
| Direct Effects of Tobacco | ||||||
| Was the waterpipe satisfying?i | 5.9 | <.05 | 103.4 | <.001 | 2.7 | n.s |
| Was the waterpipe pleasant?i | 3.2 | n.s | 144.1 | <.001 | 0.2 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe taste good?j | 2.2 | n.s | 139.2 | <.001 | 1.2 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe taste bad?j | 0.4 | n.s | 25.3 | <.001 | 3.5 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe make you dizzy?i | 9.9 | n.s | 53.8 | <.001 | 2.0 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe calm you down?i | 0.2 | n.s | 63.2 | <.001 | 1.1 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe make you feel confused?i | 3.2 | n.s | 6.7 | <.05 | 0.2 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe help you concentrate?i | 1.1 | n.s | 20.4 | <.001 | 0.4 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe make you feel more awake?i | 0.0 | n.s | 22.0 | <.001 | 2.4 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe reduce your hunger for food?i | 1.6 | n.s | 13.2 | <.01 | 0.4 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe make you sick?i | 6.6 | <.05 | 10.6 | <.01 | 3.3 | n.s |
| Did the waterpipe make you sleepy?j | 7.6 | <.01 | 42.6 | <.001 | 4.5 | <.05 |
| Would you like to smoke another waterpipe RIGHT NOW?i | 2.1 | n.s | 16.9 | <.001 | 1.2 | n.s |
a
Condition factors: 2 (active, placebo)
b
Time factors: levels vary according to measure
c
dfcondition = (1, 36); dftime = (3, 108); dfconditionxtime = (3, 108)
d
dfcondition = (1, 36); dftime = (9, 324); dfconditionxtime = (9, 324)
e
dfcondition = (1, 35); dftime = (9, 315); dfconditionxtime = (9, 315)
f
dfcondition = (1, 34); dftime = (9, 306); dfconditionxtime = (9, 306)
g
dfcondition = (1, 33); dftime = (2, 66); dfconditionxtime = (2, 66)
h
dfcondition = (1, 33); dftime = (1, 33); dfconditionxtime = (1, 33)
i
dfcondition = (1, 36); dftime = (1, 36); dfconditionxtime = (1, 36)
j
dfcondition = (1, 35); dftime = (1, 35); dfconditionxtime = (1, 35)