Table 3.
ADHD and ODD symptoms rated by teachers and parents for different parts of the day (DAYAS total score) stratified by previous medication with main group effect, group-by-time interaction effect (MANOVA) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d)
| Outcome measure | Previous treatment | N | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | Visit 3 | MANOVA group | MANOVA group-by-time interaction | Effect size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | P | F | P | Cohen’s d (Visit 1–Visit 3) | |||
| Parent rating (DAYAS-P total score) | ||||||||||
| Morning before school | None | 182 | 1.29 (0.75) | 0.95 (0.65) | 0.88 (0.63) | 11.15 | 0.000 | 3.45 | 0.002 | 0.60 |
| MPH-IR o.d. | 86 | 1.20 (0.73) | 0.97 (0.66) | 0.95 (0.71) | 0.37 | |||||
| MPH-IR >o.d. | 224 | 1.33 (0.79) | 0.97 (0.71) | 0.97 (0.69) | 0.53 | |||||
| MPH-MR | 163 | 1.54 (0.73) | 1.39 (0.77) | 1.23 (0.79) | 0.49 | |||||
| Afternoon | None | 177 | 1.72 (0.70) | 1.07 (0.65) | 1.07 (0.65) | 2.99 | 0.014 | 8.77 | 0.000 | 1.24 |
| MPH-IR o.d. | 86 | 1.54 (0.66) | 1.15 (0.64) | 1.15 (0.64) | 0.75 | |||||
| MPH-IR >o.d. | 217 | 1.36 (0.67) | 1.01 (0.62) | 1.01 (0.62) | 0.67 | |||||
| MPH-MR | 163 | 1.43 (0.60) | 1.17 (0.61) | 1.17 (0.61) | 0.63 | |||||
| Late afternoon | None | 181 | 1.69 (0.73) | 1.27 (0.67) | 1.14 (0.60) | 1.92 | 0.125 | 2.91 | 0.008 | 0.88 |
| MPH-IR o.d. | 87 | 1.61 (0.69) | 1.29 (0.64) | 1.21 (0.70) | 0.59 | |||||
| MPH-IR >o.d. | 226 | 1.54 (0.68) | 1.23 (0.66) | 1.17 (0.65) | 0.54 | |||||
| MPH-MR | 164 | 1.61 (0.59) | 1.43 (0.57) | 1.31 (0.64) | 0.45 | |||||
| Evening | None | 179 | 1.38 (0.80) | 1.21 (0.72) | 1.10 (0.66) | 6.04 | 0.000 | 0.92 | 0.480 | 0.38 |
| MPH-IR o.d. | 87 | 1.50 (0.75) | 1.22 (0.74) | 1.22 (0.77) | 0.37 | |||||
| MPH-IR >o.d. | 226 | 1.43 (0.72) | 1.22 (0.72) | 1.15 (0.72) | 0.41 | |||||
| MPH-MR | 164 | 1.64 (0.67) | 1.49 (0.70) | 1.36 (0.71) | 0.44 | |||||
| Teacher rating (DAYAS-T total score) | ||||||||||
| Morning first half | None | 140 | 1.31 (0.71) | 0.81 (0.57) | 0.59 (0.45) | 1.22 | 0.301 | 10.84 | 0.000 | 0.99 |
| MPH-IR o.d. | 64 | 1.06 (0.75) | 0.86 (0.70) | 0.74 (0.68) | 0.49 | |||||
| MPH-IR >o.d. | 162 | 0.91 (0.74) | 0.78 (0.63) | 0.72 (0.63) | 0.28 | |||||
| MPH-MR | 122 | 0.96 (0.68) | 0.93 (0.70) | 0.87 (0.65) | 0.14 | |||||
| Morning second half | None | 138 | 1.64 (0.81) | 1.06 (0.66) | 0.83 (0.58) | 1.06 | 0.366 | 8.43 | 0.000 | 1.09 |
| MPH-IR o.d. | 61 | 1.27 (0.74) | 1.01 (0.69) | 0.94 (0.74) | 0.46 | |||||
| MPH-IR >o.d. | 153 | 1.29 (0.81) | 1.07 (0.70) | 0.96 (0.69) | 0.45 | |||||
| MPH-MR | 116 | 1.36 (0.78) | 1.20 (0.79) | 1.10 (0.74) | 0.39 | |||||
DAYAS-P/-T day profile of ADHD symptoms—parent/teacher rating, IR immediate release, MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance, MPH methylphenidate, MR modified release, o.d. once daily, ODD oppositional-defiant disorder, SD standard deviation