Table 2.

Weighted Means and Standard Errors for Time Invariant Covariates, by Child’s Mother’s Marital Status During the Study Period

	Mother Became Married During Study		Mother Did Not Marry During Study
	Mean	Std. Error	Mean	Std. Error
Child Variables
Female	0.51	0.022	0.49	0.012
Race/Ethnicity
White	0.44***	0.037	0.35	0.012
African-American	0.25***	0.033	0.40	0.012
Hispanic	0.20*	0.046	0.18	0.010
Other race	0.10	0.070	0.06	0.005
Behavior Problems
Internalizing Behavior Problems
Low (1st-25th percentile)	0.38	0.042	0.42	0.012
Moderate (26th-75th percentile)	0.29	0.054	0.30	0.012
High (76th-100th percentile)	0.33	0.022	0.29	0.011
Externalizing Behavior Problems
Low (1st-25th percentile)	0.21	0.032	0.22	0.010
Moderate (26th-75th percentile)	0.41	0.116	0.41	0.012
High (76th-100th percentile)	0.35	0.021	0.36	0.012
Disabled	0.16	0.016	0.15	0.009
Family Variables (prior to marriage)
Mother previously married	0.59***	0.021	0.37	0.012
Mother’s Education
High school graduate or less	0.58**	0.021	0.64	0.012
Some college	0.30	0.020	0.27	0.011
College graduate	0.12*	0.014	0.09	0.007
Income in ($1,000)	39.03**	3.005	31.01	1.588
Parental investment in the child
Learning support	2.54	0.024	2.51	0.014
Enriching activities with the child	2.00	0.063	1.94	0.037
Family Variables (after marriage)
Biological father	0.23	0.018	--	--
New father’s education
High school graduate or less	0.54	0.023	--	--
Some college	0.18	0.016	--	--
College graduate	0.18	0.016	--	--
Change in income after marriage (in $1,000)	9.44	2.871	--	--
Change in parental investment in child after marriage
Change in learning support after marriage	−0.16	0.034	--	--
Change in enriching activities with the child after marriage	−0.01	0.066	--	--
N	636		1,944

Note: Significant tests indicate differences between children with mother’s who and did not marry during the study period.

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001