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. 2011 May 17;2:30. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00030

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Copyright © 2011 Lindå, Sköld and Ochsmann.

This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and other Frontiers conditions are complied with.

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(A,B) Immunofluorescence photomicrographs stained with ATF3 antibodies showing spinal motoneurons (MN) after ventral root avulsion followed by direct ventral root replantation (VRR) at 5 weeks post-operative survival time. (C) Unlesioned motoneurons located on the corresponding contra-lateral side (CL). A shows a longitudinal section of the lesion side from the spinal cord segments L5-6. The area depicted in (A) displays the area from which the motoneurons in (B) originate. Arrows indicate motoneurons sectioned in the nuclear plane. Note all the labeled motoneurons in (A,B). If no VRR is made the large majority of motoneurons will not survive 3 weeks. Scale bar 500 μm (A) and 50 μm (B,C).