. 2011 Jun;71(6):951–955. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03900.x

Table 1.

Basal and peak values (mean ± SE) of non-endocrine physiological parameters and biochemical variables during physical exercise following the administration of normal saline (control test), alprazolam (ALP), naloxone or ALP plus naloxone in 13 normal men

		Exercise	Exercise +	Exercise +		Exercise +
				ALP		Naloxone	ALP+	Naloxone
Test Variable	Basal	Peak	Basal	Peak	Basal	Peak	Basal	Peak
Heart rate (beats min⁻¹)	72±4	166±9^*	73±4	170±10^*	73±4	168±7^*	72±3	168±7
Systolic BP (mmHg)	114±7	158±8^*	111±8	157±9^*	111±8	156±9^*	113±9	153±11^*
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	73±6	51±5^*	74±7	53±5^*	70±7	54±6^*	72±7	52±6^*
Respiratory rate (min⁻¹)	12.8±0.9	31.5±3^*	12.7±0.7	31.6±±3^*	12.9±0.8	32.2±3.4^*	12.9±0.9	31.6±3^*
Tidal volume (l)	0.8±0.3	2.5±0.3^*	0.8±0.2	2.4±0.3^*	0.7±0.3	2.3±0.3^*	0.9±0.2	2.3±0.4^*
Ventilation (l min⁻¹)	10.8±0.6	76±5	10.4±0.6	70±3^*	10.7±0.5^*	75±3	10.5±0.7	72±4^*
VO₂ (ml min⁻¹)	342±13	2133±149^*	345±12	2117±148^*	345±14	2092±145^*	340±14	2081±157^*
VCO₂ (ml min⁻¹)	291±18	2270±145^*	295±12	2280±127^*	294±18	2287±130^*	295±16	2280±146^*
R	0.85	1.07^*	0.85	1.09^*	0.85	1.09^*	0.86	1.09^*
Serum sodium (mEq l⁻¹)	138.1±0.9	140.8±0.9^*	139.5±0.7	141.8±0.7^**	139.7±0.8	142.6±1.0^**	140.7±0.6	141.6±0.8^**
Plasma osmolality (mOsmol kg⁻¹)	284.6±0.9	287.5±0.8^*	284.9±0.8	290.0±0.8^*	284.7±0.8	290.2±0.9^*	284.2±0.9	289.8±0.8^*
Haematocrit (%)	44.0±0.7	49.1±1.0^*	44.5±0.8	48.7±0.9^*	43.8±0.7	48.7±0.9^*	44.0±0.8	48.7±0.7^*

P<0.01 vs. basal value

^**

P<0.05 vs. basal value. R, respiratory exchange ratio.