Table 1.
Depression and ADM use by demographic variables of interest
| Variable | Total (n) | BDI ≥ 11(%) | On ADMs (%) | BDI ≥ 11 or on ADMs (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5,145 | 752 (14.7) | 846 (16.5) | 1,373 (26.8) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 45–55 | 1,621 | 281 (17.4) | 309 (19.1) | 507 (31.3) |
| 56–65 | 2,650 | 380 (14.4) | 432 (16.3) | 698 (26.5) |
| 66–76 | 874 | 91 (10.5) | 105 (12.0) | 168 (19.3) |
| p valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| p valueb | 0.0046 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2,082 | 218 (10.5) | 253 (12.2) | 404 (19.4) |
| Female | 3,063 | 534 (17.5) | 593 (19.4) | 969 (31.8) |
| p valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| p valueb | 0.001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Race | ||||
| African-American/black (not Hispanic) | 803 | 132 (16.5) | 67 (8.3) | 174 (21.8) |
| American Indian/Native American/Alaskan Native | 258 | 70 (27.2) | 24 (9.3) | 84 (32.7) |
| White | 3,253 | 396 (12.2) | 657 (20.2) | 893 (27.5) |
| Hispanic | 681 | 131 (19.2) | 75 (11.0) | 183 (26.9) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander/other/mixed/missing | 150 | 23 (15.3) | 23 (15.3) | 39 (26.0) |
| p valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0033 | |
| p valueb | 0.008c | <0.0001d | <0.0001e | |
| Education | ||||
| <13 years | 1,024 | 211 (20.7) | 314 (13.1) | 308 (30.7) |
| 13–16 years | 1,915 | 320 (16.8) | 345 (18.0) | 562 (29.4) |
| >16 years | 2,094 | 203 (9.7) | 341 (16.3) | 468 (22.4) |
| p valuea | <0.0001 | 0.0026 | <0.0001 | |
| p valueb | <0.0001 | 0.0156 | <0.0001 | |
p value from χ2 test
p value from multivariate logistic regression adjusted for the other three variables in the table
Elevated depression symptom scores were more common (test results not shown in table) among American Indian/Native American/Alaskan Natives than in any other racial/ethnic group (all p<0.01), and elevated BDI scores were more common among African-Americans and Hispanics than among whites (both p=0.001)
ADM use was more common (test results not shown in table) among whites than among African-Americans, Hispanics or American Indian/Native American/Alaskan Natives (all p<0.001), and ADM use was more common among Asian/Pacific Islanders than among African-Americans (p<0.01)
African-Americans were less likely to have either depression indicator than whites, Hispanics or American Indian/Native American/Alaskan Natives (all p<0.05)