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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2011 May 4;13(5):517–526. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.02.018

Figure 4. Microbial Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Autophagy.

Figure 4

(A–C) Western blot analysis of phosho-AMPK and AMPK (A), phospho-p27 (B) and LC3-I and -II (C) with histone H3 or β-actin as loading controls in CONV-R and GF. (D) Transmission electron micrographs of CONV-R and GF colonic epithelium. Lysosomes (L) and autophagosomes (a) are indicated, and arrows show double membrane of autophagasome in inset. For A–C, western blots are representative of 4 experiments using 2 CONV-R and 2 GF mice with 2 technical replicates each.