Table 1.
Review of Theoretical Models
Model | Theoretical F versus δ | Reference |
---|---|---|
I Purely elastic sphere compression![]() |
![]() |
72,88,110 |
II Rigid sphere indenter![]() |
![]() |
75 |
III Rigid, flat-ended cylinder indenter![]() |
![]() |
75 |
IV Rigid cone indenter![]() |
![]() |
74,75 |
V Rigid cone indenter![]() |
![]() INCORRECT |
78 |
Note that the reduced modulus (E*) is used in Equation I and not in II–V, where it is assumed that the indenter is infinitely rigid: .
E, Young's modulus; δ, indentation depth; R, radius; ν, Poisson's ratio; α, half angle opening.