Figure 3.

TNF-α and H₂O₂ increase MAPK activity in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 myotubes were incubated 30 min with TNF-α 6 ng/mL, H₂O₂ 300 µM, or vehicle (control). Cell lysates were analyzed with Western blot using an antibody against the phosphorylated form of p38, ERK1/2, or JNK, and an antibody against total p38, ERK1/2, or JNK. Arrows indicate samples that were exposed to TNF-α or H₂O₂. Optical density data from 4 independent experiments were analyzed by Student’s t test.