Table 1.
Demographic characteristics
| Characteristics | Diabetics Vit. D deficient |
Diabetics Vit. D sufficient |
Obese Non- diabetic Vit. D deficient |
Normal controls Vit. D deficient |
Normal controls Vit. D sufficient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (76) |
Group B (15) |
Group C (25) |
Group D (10) |
Group E (10) |
|
| Age | 55 ± 2.4 | 59 ± 3 | 50 ± 3.1 | 42 ± 4 | 45 ± 3.4 |
| Women % | 82% | 80% | 80% | 70% | 95% |
| BMI | 32 ± 1 | 31.6 ±1.1 | 31.9± 1.2 | 22± 0.8*†‡ | 23± 1*†‡ |
| African Americans % | 86.9%€ | 80% | 84% | 30% | 30% |
| Smoker % | 22.3% | 20% | 20% | 10% | 10% |
| 25 OH Vitamin D level (nmol/L) | 39 ± 4 | 93 ±10*‡# | 34 ± 3 | 32 ± 4 | 97 ± 10*‡# |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 2.5 | 136 ± 4 | 110 ± 3*† | 104 ± 4.2*† | 113 ± 4*† |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 85 ± 8.8 | 74 ± 4 | 75 ± 1.7 | 71 ± 1.5 | 78 ± 5 |
| Duration of Diabetes (years) | 5±2.5 | 9±0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| -Retinopathy | 1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| -Nephropathy | 7% | 10% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| -Neuropathy | 10% | 10% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Only Diabetic Oral Medications % | 71% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Diabetic Oral Medications plus Long Acting insulin % | 29% | 30% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total Cholesterol | 173 ± 5 | 165 ± 13 | 151 ± 8 | 152 ± 12 | 149 ± 12 |
| Triglycerides | 150 ± 14 | 137 ± 16 | 77 ± 7* | 76 ± 11 | 74 ± 8 |
| Lipid Medications % | 33 % | 40% | 28% | 20% | 10% |
| H1AC | 8 ± 0.2 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.1*† | 5.4 ± 0.1*† | 5.2 ± 0.6*† |
Data is expressed as mean ± SEM for continuous variables and as a ratio for categorical data.
*
(p < 0.05 vs. group A,
†
p < 0.05 vs. group B,
‡
p < 0.05 vs. group C,
#
p < 0.05 vs. group D by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post test analysis for parametric variables.
€
p < 0.001 by chi-square for multiple categorical variables).