FIGURE 5.

KAI1 expression is indispensible for NDRG1-mediated metastasis suppression in animal. Rat prostate cancer cells including the parental cell line (AT6.1), NDRG1-transfected sub-lines with (AT6.1/NDRG1/shKAI1) or without (AT6.1/NDRG1) shRNA of KAI1, and KAI1-transfected sub-line were injected subcutaneously into SCID mice. After 30 days, the mice were sacrificed, and lungs were removed. Tumor nodules on the lungs were counted macroscopically. A, upper panels show representative images of lung metastases. The lower panel shows the number of tumor-bearing mice and nodules on the lungs. Sizes of primary tumor and nodules on the lungs are shown in B. Data are presented as the mean nodule number or size. Error bars represent the S.E. p values are based on a two-sided Student's test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. C, representative images of liver metastases. D, concerted activities of NDRG1 and KAI1-mediated metastasis suppression.