. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 23.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Bull. 2004 Jan;130(1):143–172. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.143

Table 4.

Change in Persuasion Over Time

	Fixed effects		Random effects
Condition	d₊	95% CI	d₊	95% CI	Model-fit Q	k	N
Acceptance cue	-0.21	-0.27, -0.15	-0.23	-0.31, -0.15	76.36^**	47	1,589
Discounting cue	0.08	0.03, 0.13	0.08	0.02, 0.13	107.51^**	72	2,480
No-message control	0.08	-0.02, 0.20	0.08	-0.02, 0.20	9.19	13	425
Message-only control	-0.11	-0.21, -0.02	-0.11	-0.21, 0.01	20.10	17	517

Note. Effect sizes represent change in persuasion over time across conditions. Effect sizes are positive if there is an increase in persuasion from the immediate to the delayed measurement (e.g., sleeper-effect pattern), and negative if there is decay in persuasion over time. The model-fit Q statistic is an index of homogeneity of the effect sizes included in the weighted average effect size (d₊). Significant Q values indicate rejection of the homogeneity hypothesis. CI = confidence interval; k = number of data sets.

^**

p < .01.