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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 23.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Thorac Surg. 2010 Jun;89(6):1843–1852. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.02.069

Table 2.

Baseline and perioperative levels of cytokines in infants presenting for surgical repair of either a ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot

Time post-cardiopulmonary bypass (hours) ANOVA results (p-values)
Baseline Group 0 4 12 24 48 Time Anti-
fibrinolytic
Interaction
IL-2 1.6±0.4 TXA 0.4±0.2# 1.2±0.6 1.3±0.6 0.5±0.3# 0.4±0.2# 0.01 <0.001 0.73
Aprotinin 2.5±0.4*# 5.7±2.6*# 2.3±0.4*# 1.7±0.3* 2.0±0.3*
IL-6 2.1±0.4 TXA 43.0±16.4# 184.4±64.2# 102.3±18.2# 60.2±9.6# 27.3±6.1# <0.001 0.16 0.85
Aprotinin 36.3±12.9# 152.2±24.3# 85.4±18.7# 61.7±12.8# 16.1±2.3*#
IL-8 6.4±0.7 TXA 77.9±21.1# 78.8±18.1# 36.4±6.7# 21.3±3.5# 17.7±4.4# <0.001 0.06 0.56
Aprotinin 69.3±28.4# 89.2±19.4# 26.0±4.6# 17.6±2.1# 10.6±1.5
IL-10 1.7±0.5 TXA 166.1±38.3# 18.2±6.6# 9.8±2.6# 3.7±1.0# 1.9±0.4 <0.001 <0.001 0.10
Aprotinin 51.4±10.9*# 10.3±3.4# 4.6±0.7# 3.6±1.0# 2.5±1.6
IL-1β 0.6±0.3 TXA 0.7±0.1 0.7±0.1 0.5±0.1 0.6±0.1 1.1±0.4# 0.03 <0.001 0.07
Aprotinin 0.2±0.1* 0.6±0.2 0.5±0.3 1.5±0.9 0.1±0.1*
TNF-α 3.7±0.5 TXA 8.2±1.6# 9.2±2.0# 3.7±0.8 2.9±0.6 3.3±0.7 <0.001 0.10 0.29
Aprotinin 9.1±3.7# 10.4±1.7# 2.5±0.5 1.9±0.3# 1.4±0.3*#
INF-γ 0.5±0.1 TXA 0.1±0.1# 0.1±0.1# 0.1±0.1# 0.1±0.1# 0.1±0.1# 0.003 <0.001 0.47
Aprotinin 0.6±0.2* 0.9±0.3*# 0.5±0.2* 0.3±0.1 0.5±0.1*

Values represent concentrations in pg/mL and are presented as Mean±SEM.

TXA: tranexamic acid

IL: interleukins; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; INF: interferon; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor Sample size: n=37 (TXA: n=15; Aprotinin: n=22)

#

p<0.05 vs. Baseline.

*

p<0.05 vs. TXA.