Table 1.
Participant Characteristics in the Two Therapy Conditions
| Therapy Condition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFST (54) | IDC (51) | |||
| Variable | Mean or % | SD or (n) | Mean or % | SD or (n) |
| Gender (%male) | 80% | (43) | 78% | (40) |
| Race** | ||||
| Caucasian | 57% | (31) | 49% | (25) |
| African-American | 15% | (8) | 39% | (20) |
| Hispanic-American | 18% | (10) | 12% | (6) |
| Biracial | 9% | (5) | 0% | (0) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 4% | (2) | 2% | (1) |
| Separated | 7% | (4) | 6% | (3) |
| Divorced | 11% | (6) | 8% | (4) |
| Single, never married | 78% | (42) | 84% | (43) |
| Age (years) | 25.60 | 9.31 | 27.53 | 11.09 |
| Education (years) | 10.81 | 1.823 | 10.98 | 1.706 |
| High School Graduate | 46% | (24) | 46% | (22) |
| Longest Employment (years) | 2.43 | 2.92 | 3.39 | 4.80 |
| Primary Lifetime Substance Diagnosis | ||||
| Alcohol (%) | 7% | (4) | 8% | (4) |
| Cocaine (%) | 30% | (16) | 26% | (13) |
| Opioid (%) | 19% | (10) | 21% | (12) |
| Cannabis (%) | 41% | (22) | 41% | (21) |
| Hallucinogen (%) | 4% | (2) | 2% | (1) |
| Lifetime Alcohol Diagnosis | 74% | (40) | 63% | (32) |
| Past Month Diagnosis on Admission | 32% | (17) | 26% | (13) |
| Past Month Days Primary Substance Used | 2.46 | 5.04 | 2.96 | 6.41 |
| Lifetime Months Primary Substance Used | 73.74 | 84.65 | 74.16 | 72.44 |
| Lifetime Number of Substances Abused | 3.30 | 2.16 | 3.00 | 1.65 |
| Substance Use Diagnosis Age of Onset | 15.43 | 3.48 | 17.38 | 6.52 |
| Lifetime Arrests | 12.41 | 11.02 | 15.16 | 20.30 |
| Lifetime Months Incarcerated | 17.28 | 25.32 | 14.78 | 22.69 |
| # of PDQ-4R (interview) PD Diagnoses | 2.67 | 2.17 | 3.02 | 2.61 |
| # of PDQ-4R (self-report) PD Symptoms | 33.61 | 12.23 | 34.41 | 11.63 |
| Paranoid PD (%) | 52% | (28) | 57% | (29) |
| Antisocial PD (%) | 50% | (27) | 49% | (25) |
| Borderline PD (%) | 22% | (12) | 37% | (19) |
| Avoidant PD (%) | 30% | (16) | 28% | (14) |
| No PD Diagnosis | 19% | (10) | 20% | (10) |
| BSI Psychiatric Severity | 1.05 | .66 | 1.04 | .76 |
| IIP Interpersonal Problems | 1.14 | .70 | 1.22 | .69 |
| MAACL Dysphoria | 9.83 | 8.29 | 8.92 | 8.34 |
| Study Therapy Sessions Attended | 13.22 | 8.11 | 13.63 | 9.02 |
| Days in Study Therapy | 100.46 | 60.68 | 96.88 | 63.25 |
| Days in Residential Treatment Program | 189.88 | 148.24 | 205.04 | 170.27 |
| Study Therapy Completers | 41% | (22) | 43% | (22) |
| Early (first month) Residential Drop-outs | 19% | (10) | 28% | (14) |
Note:
**
Race was the only significant difference between therapy conditions at baseline (see text). All other t-test (for means) differences or Chi Square (for frequencies) associations were non-significant.
DFST=Dual Focus Schema Therapy; IDC=Individual Drug Counseling; PDQ-4R=Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4th edition, revised; PD=personality disorder; BSI-Brief Symptom Inventory; IIP=Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; MAACL=Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist