FIG. 3.

Growth characteristics of L. monocytogenes 10403S (wild type), ASA5 (containing only Gbu), ASA4 (containing only OpuC), ASA6 (containing only BetL), and ASA7 (triple deletion) at 4°C in modified Pine's medium. Cultures were grown in BHI medium, washed, and used to inoculate (1%) modified Pine's medium. These cultures were grown to late log phase, 10-fold diluted, and used to inoculate (1%) modified Pine's medium containing 1 mM glycine betaine (GB), 1 mM carnitine (CAR), or a 0.5 mM concentration of each osmolyte (GB+CAR) or in the absence of osmolytes (none). Error bars indicate ±1 standard deviation of triplicate values.