Table 4. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) among all parks and among sanctuary zones within parks.
| Source of variation | d.f. | SS | Variance component | Percentage of variation | |
| Ecklonia radiata | |||||
| Among Parks | 3 | 29.95 | 0.024 | 3.07 | * |
| Among sanctuary zones | 18 | 31.60 | 0.016 | 2.08 | ** |
| Within sanctuary zones | 1370 | 1008.99 | 0.735 | 94.86 | *** |
| Total | 1391 | ||||
| Hormosira banksii | |||||
| Among Parks | 3 | 197.45 | 0.146 | 11.83 | *** |
| Among sanctuary zones | 20 | 258.70 | 0.217 | 17.55 | *** |
| Within sanctuary zones | 1510 | 1235.75 | 0.872 | 70.63 | *** |
| Total | 1533 | ||||
| Phyllospora comosa | |||||
| Among Parks | 1 | 35.63 | 0.048 | 2.86 | *** |
| Among sanctuary zones | 13 | 176.30 | 0.189 | 11.31 | *** |
| Within sanctuary zones | 945 | 1358.59 | 1.438 | 85.83 | ** |
| Total | 959 |
*** = P<0.00001,
** = P<0.001,
* = P<0.05.