Table 1.

In vitro Studies on Impact of Drug Abuse on HIV

Substance	Effect	Target Cells	Type of Study	Refecrences
Heroin	↑	Human Astrocytes	in vitro	Reynolds et al. (2006)
	↑	Human MT-4 T cell line	in vitro	Selimova et al. (2002)
Morphine	↑	Human Macrophages	in vitro	Guo et al. (2002), Ho et al. (2003)
				Li et al. (2003)
	↑	Human PBMC	in vitro	Peterson et al. (1990), Li et al. (2003)
	↑	Monkey PBMC	in vitro	Suzuki et al. (2002)a
	↑	Human CEMX174 cell line	in vitro	Chuang et al. (1993)
	↑	Human lymphocytes	in vitro	Steele et al. (2003)
	↑	Human promonocyes and human brain cells	in vitro	Peterson et al. (1994)
	↑	Human CD4+ T lymphocytes and microglial cells	in vitro	Peterson et al. (2004)
	↑	Human Kuffer cells	in vitro	Schweitzer et al. (1991)
	↑	Human Brain cells	in vitro	Peterson et al. (1999)
	↓	Human macrophages and T lymphocytes	in vitro	Szabo et al. (2003), Peterson et al. (2004)
Cocaine	↑	Human PBMC	in vitro	Peterson et al. (1991), (1992),
	↑	Human microglia cells	in vitro	Gekker et al. (2004), (2006)
	↑	Human macrophages	in vitro	Dhillon et al. (2007)
	↑	Human dendritic cells	in vitro	Nair et al (2005)
METH	↑	Human macrophages	in vitro	Liang et al. (2008)
	↑	Human dendritic cells	in vitro	Nair et al. (2009)
Marijuana or Cannabinoid	↑	Human MT-2 T cell line	in vitro	Noe et al. (1998)
	↓	Human CD4+ T cells and microglia cells	in vitro	Peterson et al. (2004), Rock et al. (2007)
Alcohol	↑	Human macrophgaes	in vitro	Wang et al. (2002)
	↑	Human PBMCs	in vitro	Saravolatz et al. (1990), Bagasra et al. (1993)
	No effect	Human Lymphocytes	ex vivo	Cook et al. (1997)
	↑	Human T Lymphocytes	in vitro	Liu et al. (2003), Wang et al. (2006)
	↑	Human Oral Keratinocytes	in vitro	Chen et al. (2004)
	↑	Monkey PBMC and alveolar macrophages	in vitro	Bagby et al. (1998)