Table 2.

In vivo Studies on Impact of Drug Abuse on HIV

	Effect	Type of Study	Refecrences
Heroin	↑	Human	Martin et al (2010)
	↓	Human	Margolick et al. (1992)
Morphine	↑	Monkey	Chuang et al. (1997)
	↑	Monkey	Kumar et al. (2004)
	↓	Monkey	Donahoe et al (1993)
Cocaine	↑	Human	Chaisson et at (1989), Nelson et al (2002)
			Baum et al. (2009)
	↑	Mouse	Roth et al (2002), (2005)
METH	↑	Monkey	Burdo et al. (2006), Marcondes et al (2010)
	↑	Human	Kall and Olin (1990), Maragos et al. (2002)
			Ellis et al. (2003), Morin et al. (2005),
			Peck et al. (2005), Martin et al (2010)
Marijuana or Cannabinoid	↑	Mouse	Roth et al (2005)
	↑	Human	Tindall et al (1988), Kaslow et al. (1989)
	No effect	Human	Abrams et al. (2003), Simbayi et at (2005)
Alcohol	↑	Monkey	Bagby et al. (2003), Poonia et al. (2006)
			Marcondes et al. (2008), Molina et al. (2008)
	↑	Human	Szabo et al. (1999), Fisher et al. (2007),
			Kalichman et al. (2008), Baliunas et al. (2009)