Table 1.
Posturographic performance of young and older subjects as determined in subtests 1–7. Data are given as average percent shift of raw sensor data (% RSD) for x- and y-coordinates (Mean ± SD). Repeated measures ANOVA (rmANOVA) and t-tests were used to calculate direction-specific differences (D), group-specific differences (G), and according interactions (DG).
| Subtest | x | y | rmANOVA | Scatter | Scatter | rmANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D: DIRECTION | (Medio-lateral) | (Anterior-posterior) | D: DIRECTION | ||||
| DG: DIRECTION ∗ GROUP | DG: DIRECTION ∗ GROUP | ||||||
| (1) Arms reached out | Young | −0.38 ± 1.92 | 3.03 ± 7.61 | D: F(1,43) = 16.269; P ≤ .001* | 0.59±0.28 | 2.12 ± 0.66 | D: F(1,43) = 332.804; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | −0.22 ± 2.08 | 6.06 ± 6.38 | 0.72 ± 0.21 | 2.31 ± 0.48 | |||
| t-test (P) | .396 | .079 | DG: F(1,43) = 1.437; P = .237 | .049* | .134 | DG: F(1,43) = 0.160; P = .691 | |
| (2) Eyes closed | Young | 0.0002 ± 0.00 | 0.0007 ± 0.00 | D: F(1,43) = 4.001; P = .052 | 0.73 ± 0.37 | 2.71 ± 0.92 | D: F(1,43) = 316.592; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | 0.0001 ± 0.00 | 0.0027 ± 0.00 | 0.88 ± 0.51 | 3.23 ± 1.22 | |||
| t-test (P) | .281 | ≤.001* | DG: F(1,43) = 10.048; P = .003* | .127 | .054 | DG: F(1,43) = 2.339; P = .134 | |
| (3) Arms reached out, eyes closed | Young | 0.00 ± 1.90 | 3.61 ± 5.23 | D: F(1,43) = 41.743; P ≤ .001* | 0.66 ± 0.23 | 2.64 ± 0.90 | D: F(1,43) = 373.838; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | 0.14 ± 2.15 | 7.80 ± 5.38 | 0.97 ± 0.46 | 3.47 ± 0.94 | |||
| t-test (P) | .410 | .006* | DG: F(1,43) = 5.386; P = .025* | .002* | .002* | DG: F(1,43) = 4.833; P = .033* | |
| (4) Displacement to upper right | Young | 24.91 ± 9.31 | 21.86 ± 12.06 | D: F(1,43) = 3.231; P = .079 | 1.38 ± 0.68 | 2.79 ± 0.82 | D: F(1,43) = 160.176; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | 20.76 ± 10.82 | 14.64 ± 13.79 | 1.63 ± 0.69 | 3.37 ± 0.97 | |||
| t-test (P) | .087 | .034* | DG: F(1,43) = 0.361; P = .551 | .114 | .018* | DG: F(1,43) = 1.720; P = .197 | |
| (5) Displacement to upper left | Young | −28.83 ± 7.14 | 30.91 ± 8.85 | D: F(1,43) = 341.238; P ≤ .001* | 1.94 ± 0.81 | 3.39 ± 1.77 | D: F(1,43) = 41.173; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | −24.48 ± 12.00 | 16.75 ± 14.62 | 1.96 ± 0.52 | 3.49 ± 1.08 | |||
| t-test (P) | .071 | ≤.001* | DG: F(1,43) = 11.457; P = .002* | .467 | .408 | DG: F(1,43) = 0.035; P = .853 | |
| (6) Displacement to lower right | Young | 22.48 ± 7.02 | −19.32 ± 9.96 | D: F(1,43) = 250.449; P ≤ .001* | 1.46 ± 0.63 | 3.11 ± 1.02 | D: F(1,43) = 141.001; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | 12.07 ± 10.63 | −10.01 ± 9.94 | 1.86 ± 0.77 | 3.78 ± 1.39 | |||
| t-test (P) | ≤.001* | .002* | DG: F(1,43) = 23.880; P ≤ .001* | .031* | .036* | DG: F(1,43) = 0.783; P = .381 | |
| (7) Displacement to lower left | Young | −20.47 ± 8.05 | −15.86 ± 9.43 | D: F(1,43) = 5.339; P = .026* | 2.14 ± 1.11 | 3.22 ± 1.31 | D: F(1,43) = 120.483; P ≤ .001* |
| Old | −15.92 ± 9.51 | −9.47 ± 10.34 | 1.95 ± 1.29 | 3.83 ± 1.84 | |||
| t-test (P) | .045* | .018* | DG: F(1,43) = 0.147; P = .703 | .303 | .102 | DG: F(1,43) = 8.656; P = .005* | |