Table 2.
Risk factors for carriage of S. pneumoniae, penicillin non susceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP), serotype 19A, and penicillin non susceptible (PNS) serotype 19A
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | [95% CI] | P | OR | [95% CI] | P | |
| Carriage of Sp (n = 1780) | ||||||
| AOM | 3.28 | 2.79;3.86 | <0.0001 | 2.98 | 2.49;3.56 | <0.0001 |
| Day care centre | 1.37 | 1.26;1.48 | <0.0001 | 1.55 | 1.32;1.82 | <0.0001 |
| Siblings | 1.58 | 1.39;1.81 | <0.0001 | 1.63 | 1.41;1.89 | <0.0001 |
| Carriage of M. catarrhalis | 1.83 | 1.60;2.09 | <0.0001 | 1.46 | 1.27;1.69 | <0.0001 |
| Age <12 months | 1.02 | 0.89;1.16 | 0.78 | 1.12 | 0.96;1.30 | 0.16 |
| Carriage of H. influenzae | 1.24 | 1.08;1.41 | 0.002 | 0.81 | 0.69;0.94 | 0.006 |
| Recent use of antibiotic | 1.07 | 0.94;1.23 | 0.31 | 0.75 | 0.65;0.87 | <0.0001 |
| Carriage of S. aureus | 0.50 | 0.38;0.66 | <0.0001 | 0.62 | 0.46;0.83 | 0.001 |
| Partial vaccination | 1.28 | 0.75;2.18 | 0.37 | 1.25 | 0.70;2.20 | 0.45 |
| Carriage of PNSP (n = 799) | ||||||
| AOM | 3.67 | 2.89;4.66 | <0.0001 | 3.09 | 2.39;3.98 | <0.0001 |
| Day care centre | 1.52 | 1.38;1.68 | <0.0001 | 1.70 | 1.42;2.03 | <0.0001 |
| Siblings | 1.06 | 0.90;1.24 | 0.5 | 1.07 | 0.91;1.27 | 0.8 |
| Carriage of M. catarrhalis | 1.51 | 1.29;1.77 | <0.0001 | 1.15 | 0.97;1.37 | 0.09 |
| Age <12 months | 1.06 | 0.90;1.24 | 0.5 | 1.24 | 1.04;1.49 | 0.018 |
| Carriage of H. influenzae | 1.18 | 1.00;1.38 | 0.043 | 0.82 | 0.69;0.97 | 0.002 |
| Recent use of antibiotic | 1.63 | 1.39;1.91 | <0.0001 | 1.24 | 1.05;1.47 | 0.011 |
| Carriage of S. aureus | 0.72 | 0.51;1.02 | 0.062 | 0.90 | 0.63;1.29 | 0.57 |
| Partial vaccination | 1.69 | 0.84;3.40 | 0.142 | 1.56 | 0.76;3.22 | 0.25 |
| Carriage of serotype 19A (n = 365) in overall population (n = 3507) | ||||||
| AOM | 3.89 | 2.70;5.61 | <0.0001 | 3.26 | 2.22;4.80 | <0.0001 |
| Day care centre | 1.63 | 1.42;1.87 | <0.0001 | 1.85 | 1.46;2.35 | <0.0001 |
| Siblings | 0.73 | 0.58;0.90 | 0.004 | 0.74 | 0.59;0.93 | 0.009 |
| Carriage of M. catarrhalis | 1.50 | 1.20;1.87 | <0.0001 | 1.10 | 0.87;1.39 | 0.40 |
| Age <12 months | 1.20 | 0.97;1.50 | 0.09 | 1.48 | 1.16;1.90 | 0.002 |
| Carriage of H. influenzae | 1.02 | 0.81;1.27 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.57;0.92 | 0.008 |
| Recent use of antibiotic | 1.92 | 1.55;2.3 | <0.0001 | 1.49 | 1.19;1.88 | 0.001 |
| Carriage of S. aureus | 0.66 | 0.39;1.08 | 0.10 | 0.80 | 0.48;1.35 | 0.41 |
| Partial vaccination | 3.81 | 0.91;15.89 | 0.066 | 3.66 | 0.86;15.49 | 0.08 |
| Carriage of serotype 19A (n = 365) among Sp carriers (n = 1780) | ||||||
| AOM | 2.02 | 1.38;2.97 | 0.012 | 1.67 | 1.11;2.49 | 0.012 |
| Day care centre | 1.41 | 1.22;1.63 | 0.001 | 1.56 | 1.21;2.02 | 0.001 |
| Siblings | 0.52 | 0.41;0.65 | <0.0001 | 0.56 | 0.44;0.71 | <0.0001 |
| Carriage of M. catarrhalis | 1.09 | 0.86;1.37 | 0.49 | 0.96 | 0.75;1.22 | 0.73 |
| Age <12 months | 1.22 | 0.97;1.53 | 0.09 | 1.51 | 1.16;1.97 | 0.003 |
| Carriage of H. influenzae | 0.89 | 0.71;1.13 | 0.34 | 0.83 | 0.65;1.07 | 0.15 |
| Recent use of antibiotic | 2.00 | 1.59;2.53 | <0.0001 | 1.81 | 1.42;2.30 | <0.0001 |
| Carriage of S. aureus | 1.02 | 0.59;1.77 | 0.93 | 1.11 | 0.63;1.96 | 0.37 |
| Partial vaccination | 3.69 | 0.86;15.85 | 0.079 | 3.57 | 0.81;15.80 | 0.09 |
| Carriage of PNS serotype 19A (n = 326) among PNSP carriers (n = 799) | ||||||
| AOM | 1.89 | 1.15;3.10 | 0.012 | 1.55 | 0.92;2.61 | 0.09 |
| Day care centre | 1.29 | 1.09;1.54 | 0.004 | 1.39 | 1.01;1.89 | 0.04 |
| Siblings | 0.52 | 0.39;0.70 | <0.0001 | 0.57 | 0.43;0.77 | <0.0001 |
| Carriage of M. catarrhalis | 1.04 | 0.78;1.39 | 0.79 | 0.96 | 0.71;1.30 | 0.77 |
| Age <12 months | 1.17 | 0.88;1.55 | 0.29 | 1.29 | 0.93;1.79 | 0.13 |
| Carriage of H. influenzae | 0.86 | 0.64;1.14 | 0.3 | 0.80 | 0.59;1.09 | 0.16 |
| Recent use of antibiotic | 1.59 | 1.20;2.11 | 0.001 | 1.46 | 1.08;1.97 | 0.013 |
| Carriage of S. aureus | 0.79 | 0.41;1.50 | 0.46 | 0.86 | 0.44;1.68 | 0.66 |
| Partial vaccination | 2.72 | 0.56;13.16 | 0.21 | 2.56 | 0.51;12.94 | 0.3 |