Table 1. Descriptive summary of the studies included for estimating the distribution of manifestations associated with neurocysticercosis.
| Reference (language) | Country, year(s) of study | Population | Diagnosis of NCC | Type of lesions | Measurement of manifestations | ||
| Source | Target | Study sample size | |||||
| [16] (Portuguese) | Brazil, 1987–97 | Autopsies of the Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, 1987–97 | 28 autopsies (>15 years old) | 27 (>18–85 years old) | Autopsies | 100% active | Medical chart and necropsy report |
| [15] (Portuguese) | Brazil, 1995–6 | Catchment population of the Centro de Diagnostico por Imagen do Parana (CEDIP), Hospital das Nacoes, Curitiba, PR, 1995–96 | 236 neurology patients with NCC (all ages) | 236 | CT-scan[49] | 7.2% active | Not specified |
| [11] (English) | Brazil, 1993–4 | People attending the Section of Neuroinfectious Diseases at the Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 1993–94 | 38 neurology patients with NCC (18–60 years old) | 38 | CT-scan + positive CSF immunological test + MRI (cystic lesions) | 76.3% active | Interview (depression) and medical charts |
| [25] (Portuguese) | Brazil, 1990–01 | Catchment population of Ambulatorio de Neurologia do Hospital Universitario Alcides Caeneiro, Paraiba, 1990–01 | 44 neurology patients with NCC (all ages) | 44 | CT –scan[50] + CSF (33)+MRI (5) | 52.3% active | Standardized medical chart reviews |
| [21] (English) | Ecuador, 1985–98 | Catchment population of the Department of Neurology of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital in Quito, 1985–88 | 420 neurology patients with a stroke (17–86 years old) | 420 | CT scan, CSF, immunologic tests, other tests[51] | NR | Stroke defined according to Kotila, 1984 (neurological examination) |
| [32] (English) | Ecuador, 1994–96 | Catchment population of the Department of Neurology, Luis Vernaza Hospital, and at the Neuro-Oncology Service, Instituto Oncologico Nacional, Guayaquil, 1994–96 | 43 neurology patients with cerebral glioma (20–86 years old) | 43 | CT-scan[52]–[53] | 100% inactive | Histology of open biopsy (presence of malignant glial cells) |
| [20] (English) | Mexico, 1989–96 | Catchment pediatric population of the Neurology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria in Mexico City, 1989–96 | 122 neurology patients with NCC (14 months to 17 years old) | 122 | CT-scan, CSF (n = 71), MRI (n = 20), immunological tests | 82.0% active | Medical charts |
| [12] (English) | Mexico, 1993–03 | Catchment population of three referral hospitals, Mexico City, 1993–03 | 206 neurology treatment-free NCC patients (11 months - 62 years old) | 206 | CT-scan and/or MRI | 75.7% active | Direct questionnaire (adults, 1 year prospective) or hospital records (children, retrospective) |
| [33] (English) | Mexico, 1993–96 | People autopsied at the General Hospital of Mexico, 1993–96 | 113 autopsies with malignant hematological diseases (0–80 years old) | 113 | Pathological analysis of the brain (autopsy) | NR | Not provided (autopsy) |
| [34] (Spanish) | Mexico, 1986–98 | Catchment population of the neurological clinic of the Instituto Nacional y Neurologia Manual Velasco Suarez, 1986–98 | 63 patients with non-aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorraghe (19–82 years old) | 50 | CT-scan and MRI (no specific definition provided) | NA | Spontaneous headache or alteration of consciousness w/o trauma and presence of blood in the subarachnoid space |
| [22] (English) | USA, 1985–91 | Catchment population of the Ben Taug General Hospital of Houston, Houston Texas, 1985–91 | 112 patients with NCC (1–84 years old) | 112 | Discharge diagnosis of NCC (definite or probable, no reference) | 80.4% active | Medical charts |
| [23] (English) | USA, 1986–94 | Catchment pediatric population of the at Children's Memorial Hospital's emergency room, Chicago, 1986–94 | 47 children with NCC (1–15 years old) | 47 | Biopsy or MRI/CT-scan and serological or CSF tests or MRI/CT and epidemiological link | 56% active from 45 CT-scans | Medical records (medical, laboratory, pathology, outpatient records) |
| [18] (English) | India, 1984–87 | Pediatric catchment population of the G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, 1984–87 | 27 children with NCC (3–12 years old) | 27 | CT-scan and positiveCSF ELISA and MRI and histological exam | 81.4% positive for CSF ELISA | Not specified |
| [19] (English) | India, 1979–90 | Pediatric Neurology Clinic patients, New Delhi, 1979–90 | 50 neurology patients with NCC (1–15 years old) | 50 | CT-scan supported by MRI (8), history, serum or CSF antibodies, histology of nodules | 80% active | Medical charts |
| [24] (Chinese) | PR China, date? | Hospitalised population of the department of neurology, Guangdong Medical University Hospital, Guangdong Province, no dates | 36 inpatients with NCC (14–60 years old) | 36 | CT (31) or MRI (9) of the brain[54] | 78% with active lesions | Not specified |
| [27] (Chinese) | PR China, 1995–01 | Catchment population of the department of infectious disease, Huaghan Hospital, Shangai, 1995–01 | 125 patients with NCC (2–68 years old) | 125 | MRI or CT scan of the brain showing lesions of NCC (3 were normal) | 90 active, 4 inactive, 31 unknown | Not specified |
| [26] (Chinese) | PR China, 1997–01 | Catchment population of the NCC institute of the Jilin University, 1997–01 | 210 patients with NCC (< 15 years old) | 210 | MRI or CT scan of the brain AND immunological test positive in the CSF or serum | 83.7% with active lesions | Medical chart reviews |
| [14] (English) | Portugal, 1983–92 | Catchment population of the reference Hospital Geral de San Antonio, district of Oporto, 1983–92 | 38 patients referred for a CT active NCC (6–62 years old) | 38 | CT-scan (“true” or “probable”)[55] | 100% active | Not specified |
| [13] (English) | Portugal, 1983–89 | Catchment population of the reference Hospital Geral de San Antonio, district of Oporto, 1983–89 | 231 symptomatic patients referred for a CT with NCC (age unknown) | 144 with symptoms | CT-scan (divided as “true” and “probable”)[55], MRI, CSF ELISA | 20.0% active; 80.0% inactive | Not specified |
| [56] (French) | Burkina Faso, 2001–06 | Catchment population of the neurology and radiodiagnosis of the Centre Universitaire Yaldago Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, 2001–06 | 35 symptomatic patients referred for a CT with NCC (8–78 years old) | 35 | CT-scan | 74.3% active, 25.7% inactive | Medical examination (prospective) |
| [17] (English) | South Africa, 1984–86 | Catchment population of the Garankuwa hospital, 1984–86 | 88 patients with NCC (adults) | 88 | CT-scan | 100% active | Not specified |
NA: Not applicable.
NR: Not Reported.