| Incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases, e.g.,
tuberculosis, hepatitis B |
Transmission of or acquisition of disease during
journey or on arrival |
| Incidence and prevalence of non-infectious
disease/illness, e.g., pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes |
Introduction of individual/population with different
health characteristics/needs into the receiving health care
system |
| Social factors (education/housing/poverty), e.g.,
behavioral effects on health including nutrition and diet; access to
and use of care; management of existing illnesses; violence
(interpersonal and/or domestic); risk-taking (tobacco/substance
abuse) |
Baseline levels of health status that can increase the
risk of illness/disease during travel, and affect access to health
services on arrival |
| Environmental factors (geographic, weather, toxic,
political), e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, abuse and
torture |
Background level of nutrients, toxins, violence, trauma
(physical/psychosocial), and natural events (extreme temperatures,
storms, fires, earthquakes) |
| Factors related to pre-departure migrant status, e.g.,
refugee, irregular migrant, migrant worker, immigrant |
Availability, accessibility, and affordability of
existing health and social care services (limited access to
insurance/care; capacity to provide services for trauma/torture;
occupational health needs) |
| Cultural/experiential factors, e.g., differential in
health services utilization and expectations |
Expectations and utilization of health
services/concepts of disease and ill health. The institutional and
non-institutional capacity to provide for and respond to needs for
health promotion, prevention, and intervention in diverse
populations. |
