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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 24.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2011 May 9;123(20):2204–2212. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.018028

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Immediate effects of LL-VNS. The administration of LL-VNS (without affecting sinus rate) immediately suppressed SGNA for approximately 10 sec (from point a to b) before sporadic SGNA reappeared. Upward dashed arrows point to SGNA. Except for the first 5 sec during programmer transmission, chronic LL-VNS did not produce any stimulus artifacts. ECG, electrocardiogram; SGNA, stellate ganglion nerve activity; VNA, vagal nerve activity; SLGPNA, superior left ganglionated plexi nerve activity.