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. 2011 Apr 15;39(5):657–669. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9509-3

Table 5.

Estimates of models testing for the role of emotional variability and level in the development of adolescent psychopathology

Direct effects Indirect effect
PP T1 → PP T5 PP T1 → EV (EL) EV (EL) →PP T5 PP T1 → EV (EL) → PP T5
PP Emotion B SE β B SE β B SE β B SE β
Anxiety T5 Happy 0.49 0.05 0.48** 0.29 (−0.29) 0.06 (0.04) 0.24** (−0.38**) 0.13 (−0.11) 0.05 (0.07) 0.16** (−0.08) 0.04 (0.03) 0.02 (0.02) 0.04* (0.03)
Angry 0.53 0.05 0.52** 0.33 (0.20) 0.06 (0.04) 0.26** (0.30**) 0.12 (−0.03) 0.05 (0.08) 0.15* (−0.02) 0.04 (−0.01) 0.02 (0.02) 0.04* (−0.01)
Anxious 0.48 0.05 0.47** 0.27 (0.28) 0.06 (0.04) 0.25** (0.41) 0.12 (0.18) 0.06 (0.10) 0.13* (0.12) 0.03 (0.05) 0.02 (0.03) 0.03 (0.05)
Sad 0.51 0.05 0.50** 0.36 (0.22) 0.08 (0.04) 0.29** (0.36**) 0.13 (0.05) 0.06 (0.10) 0.16* (0.03) 0.05 (0.01) 0.02 (0.02) 0.05* (0.01)
Depression T5 Happy 0.42 0.05 0.42** 0.11 (−0.13) 0.03 (0.02) 0.21** (−0.41**) 0.17 (−0.68) 0.12 (0.20) 0.09 (−0.21**) 0.02 (0.09) 0.02 (0.03) 0.02 (0.09**)
Angry 0.44 0.06 0.44** 0.15 (0.12) 0.03 (0.02) 0.29** (0.42**) 0.18 (0.54) 0.13 (0.25) 0.09 (0.15*) 0.03 (0.07) 0.02 (0.03) 0.03 (0.07*)
Anxious 0.38 0.06 0.38** 0.14 (0.14) 0.02 (0.02) 0.31** (0.49**) 0.02 (1.01) 0.15 (0.27) 0.01 (0.29**) 0.00 (0.14) 0.02 (0.04) 0.00 (0.14**)
Sad 0.40 0.06 0.40** 0.16 (0.12) 0.03 (0.02) 0.30** (0.46**) 0.20 (0.80) 0.13 (0.31) 0.10 (0.20**) 0.03 (0.09) 0.02 (0.04) 0.03 (0.09**)
Aggressive Beh T5 Angry 0.64 0.05 0.58** 0.37 (0.24) 0.06 (0.04) 0.31**(0.37**) 0.05 (0.25) 0.06 (0.12) 0.04 (0.15*) 0.01(0.06) 0.02(0.03) 0.01(0.06*)
Anxious 0.65 0.05 0.59** 0.28 (0.22) 0.05 (0.04) 0.27**(0.34**) 0.08 (0.20) 0.06 (0.11) 0.07 (0.11) 0.02(0.04) 0.02(0.03) 0.02(0.04)
Sad 0.67 0.05 0.61** 0.33 (0.18) 0.07 (0.03) 0.27**(0.31**) −0.02 (0.28) 0.04 (0.12) −0.02 (0.15*) −0.01(0.05) 0.02(0.03) 0.00(0.01*)

T1 Annual home assessment at age 13. T5 Annual home assessment at age 14. PP Psychopathology. EV Emotional Variability. EL Emotion Level. Beh Behavior. * p < 0.01. ** p < 0.001