Table 4.
In vitro activities of ceftaroline and comparators against Gram-negative pathogens
| Organism (no. of isolates tested) and antimicrobial | MIC (μg/ml) |
% Susceptible isolatesa | % Intermediate isolatesa | % Resistant isolatesa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50% | 90% | Range | ||||
| Escherichia coli (1,097) | ||||||
| Ceftarolineb | ≤0.12 | 0.5 | ≤0.12–>64 | 92.2 | 1.6 | 6.3 |
| Ceftobiproleb | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–>64 | 95.5 | 0.4 | 4.1 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–>64 | 94.0 | 0.3 | 5.7 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–>64 | 98.1 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| Cefazolin | 2 | 16 | ≤0.5–>128 | 37.6 | 35.0 | 27.3 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25–>32 | 96.2 | 0 | 3.8 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–4 | 99.9 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2 | 4 | ≤1–512 | 98.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 4 | 8 | ≤0.06–>32 | 92.6 | 5.9 | 1.5 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | >16 | ≤0.06–>16 | 77.9 | 0.5 | 21.6 |
| Tigecyclineb | 0.5 | 1 | 0.12–2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | >8 | ≤0.12–>8 | 72.6 | NA | 27.4 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (357) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.12 | 0.5 | ≤0.12–>64 | 94.1 | 1.4 | 4.5 |
| Ceftobiprole | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06–>64 | 96.6 | 0.6 | 2.8 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–>64 | 96.4 | 0.3 | 3.4 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–>64 | 97.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| Cefazolin | 2 | 4 | ≤0.5–>128 | 47.6 | 38.1 | 14.3 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.25 | 1 | ≤0.25–>32 | 97.8 | 0 | 2.2 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–16 | 99.4 | 0 | 0.6 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2 | 8 | ≤1–512 | 97.2 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 2 | 8 | 1–>32 | 96.6 | 2.8 | 0.6 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | 0.5 | ≤0.06–>16 | 91.9 | 0.8 | 7.3 |
| Tigecycline | 1 | 2 | 0.25–4 | 96.9 | 3.1 | 0 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | 1 | ≤0.12–>8 | 91.9 | NA | 8.1 |
| Enterobacter cloacae (144) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.12 | 32 | ≤0.12–>64 | 75.7 | 3.5 | 20.8 |
| Ceftobiprole | ≤0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.06–>64 | 92.4 | 2.8 | 4.9 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 32 | ≤0.25–>64 | 77.8 | 2.8 | 19.4 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25–8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefazolin | >128 | >128 | 2–>128 | 0 | 3.5 | 96.5 |
| Ceftazidime | 0.5 | 16 | ≤0.25–>32 | 86.8 | 2.1 | 11.1 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.03–2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | 0.25 | ≤0.03–16 | 99.3 | 0 | 0.7 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2 | 16 | ≤1–128 | 93.1 | 5.6 | 1.4 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 32 | >32 | 2–>32 | 8.3 | 19.4 | 72.2 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–8 | 96.5 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Tigecycline | 1 | 1 | 0.25–16 | 97.2 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | 1 | ≤0.12–>8 | 93.1 | NA | 6.9 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca (96) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | 0.25 | 4 | ≤0.12–>64 | 86.5 | 3.1 | 10.4 |
| Ceftobiprole | 0.25 | 8 | ≤0.06–64 | 92.4 | 2.8 | 4.9 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25–8 | 92.7 | 1.0 | 6.3 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefazolin | 8 | >128 | ≤0.5–>128 | 6.3 | 14.6 | 79.2 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25–1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2 | 128 | ≤1–>512 | 89.6 | 0 | 10.4 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 2 | 8 | 1–>32 | 92.7 | 4.2 | 3.1 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06–1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Tigecycline | 0.5 | 1 | 0.12–4 | 97.9 | 2.1 | 0 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.12–>8 | 94.8 | NA | 5.2 |
| Proteus mirabilis (85) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.12–8 | 97.7 | 0 | 2.4 |
| Ceftobiprole | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–0.5 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefazolin | 4 | 8 | 2–>128 | 0 | 3.5 | 96.5 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Meropenem | 0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.03–0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1–2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 1 | 2 | 0.5–16 | 97.6 | 2.4 | 0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | 2 | ≤0.06–>16 | 89.6 | 4.7 | 5.9 |
| Tigecycline | 8 | 16 | 4–>16 | 0 | 14.1 | 85.9 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | >8 | ≤0.12–>8 | 84.7 | NA | 15.3 |
| Serratia marcescens (75) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25–>64 | 50.7 | 25.3 | 24.0 |
| Ceftobiprole | ≤0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.06–>64 | 96.0 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 1 | ≤0.25–>64 | 96.0 | 0 | 4.0 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25–64 | 98.7 | 0 | 1.3 |
| Cefazolin | >128 | >128 | 128–>128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Ceftazidime | 0.5 | 1 | ≤0.25–>32 | 97.3 | 0 | 2.7 |
| Meropenem | 0.06 | 0.06 | ≤0.03–>32 | 98.7 | 0 | 1.3 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | 0.25 | ≤0.03–>32 | 97.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤1 | 4 | ≤1–128 | 96.0 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 32 | >32 | 16–>32 | 0 | 22.7 | 77.3 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | 1 | ≤0.06–16 | 92.0 | 2.7 | 5.3 |
| Tigecycline | 4 | 4 | 1–8 | 46.7 | 49.3 | 4.0 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 0.5 | 2 | ≤0.12–>8 | 93.3 | NA | 6.7 |
| Enterobacter aerogenes (33)b | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.12 | 16 | ≤0.12–32 | 72.7 | 3.0 | 24.2 |
| Ceftobiprole | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–8 | 97.0 | 0 | 3.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 16 | ≤0.25–>64 | 72.7 | 0 | 27.3 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–16 | 97.0 | 3.0 | 0 |
| Cefazolin | 64 | >128 | 2–>128 | 0 | 3.0 | 97.0 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.25 | >32 | ≤0.25–>32 | 75.8 | 0 | 24.2 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.03–0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | 0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.03–1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2 | 32 | ≤1–128 | 87.9 | 9.1 | 3.0 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 32 | >32 | 8–>32 | 3.0 | 18.2 | 78.8 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.06–>16 | 90.9 | 0 | 9.1 |
| Tigecycline | 1 | 2 | 0.5–8 | 93.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | 0.5 | ≤0.12–1 | 100 | NA | 0 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (470) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | 16 | >64 | 0.25–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftobiprole | 4 | 16 | 0.25–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftriaxone | 16 | >64 | ≤0.25–>64 | 20.6 | 48.9 | 30.4 |
| Cefepime | 4 | 16 | ≤0.25–>64 | 81.3 | 12.6 | 6.2 |
| Ceftazidime | 4 | 32 | ≤0.25–>32 | 82.1 | 5.3 | 12.6 |
| Meropenem | 0.5 | 8 | ≤0.03–>32 | 88.1 | 5.1 | 6.8 |
| Ertapenem | 8 | >32 | 0.06–>32 | NA | NA | NA |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 4 | 64 | ≤1–>512 | 90.9 | 0 | 9.1 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 8 | ≤0.06–>16 | 71.3 | 8.3 | 20.4 |
| Tigecycline | >16 | >16 | 0.5–>16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 8 | >8 | ≤0.12–>8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (79) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | >64 | >64 | 32–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftobiprole | >64 | >64 | 32–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftriaxone | >64 | >64 | 64–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Cefepime | 32 | 64 | 8–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftazidime | >32 | >32 | 2–>32 | 28.8 | 15.0 | 56.3 |
| Meropenem | >32 | >32 | 4–>32 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ertapenem | >32 | >32 | 8–>32 | NA | NA | NA |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 128 | >512 | 16–>512 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ciprofloxacin | 2 | >16 | 0.25–>16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Tigecycline | 2 | 8 | 0.5–16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 0.5 | 2 | ≤0.12–>8 | 93.7 | NA | 6.3 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii (23) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | 2 | 64 | 0.5–>64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftobiprole | 0.5 | 16 | 0.12–64 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftriaxone | 8 | 64 | 2–>64 | 60.9 | 17.4 | 21.7 |
| Cefepime | 2 | 64 | 0.5–>64 | 78.3 | 4.3 | 17.4 |
| Ceftazidime | 4 | >32 | 2–>32 | 73.9 | 0 | 26.1 |
| Meropenem | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25–>32 | 91.3 | 0 | 8.7 |
| Ertapenem | 4 | 16 | 0.12–>32 | NA | NA | NA |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤1 | 64 | ≤1–>512 | 78.3 | 13.0 | 8.7 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 2 | ≤0.06–>16 | 87.0 | 4.3 | 8.7 |
| Tigecycline | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25–>16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 0.25 | 8 | ≤0.12–>8 | 82.6 | NA | 17.4 |
| Haemophilus influenzae (159) | ||||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 100 | NA | NA |
| Ceftobiprole | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 100 | NA | NA |
| Cefepime | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25–0.5 | 100 | NA | NA |
| Cefuroxime | 2 | 4 | ≤0.25–8 | 94.3 | 5.7 | 0 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06–0.5 | 100 | NA | NA |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.03 | 0.12 | ≤0.03–0.25 | 100 | NA | NA |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 | 100 | NA | 0 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 0.5 | 2 | ≤0.06–4 | 100 | NA | 0 |
| Ampicillin | ≤0.25 | 16 | ≤0.25–>128 | 83.0 | 1.3 | 15.1 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015–0.03 | 100 | NA | NA |
| Clarithromycin | 8 | 16 | 0.25–32 | 74.8 | 22.0 | 3.1 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12 | 4 | ≤0.12–>8 | 80.4 | 4.4 | 15.2 |
a
NA, not available.
b
Interpretative breakpoints were defined by Health Canada (ceftobiprole) or the U.S. FDA (ceftaroline and tigecycline) where applicable.