Table 1.
Parameter estimates and standard errors obtained for lopinavir from the basic and covariate modelsb
| Parameter | Value for modela |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic |
Covariate |
|||
| Estimate | RSE (%) | Estimate | RSE (%) | |
| CL/F (liters/h) | 4.1 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 5.3 |
| V/F (liters) | 14.9 | 9.5 | 15.9 | 8.7 |
| ka (h−1) | 0.26 | 6.9 | 0.26 | 6.4 |
| Lag time (h) | 1.7 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 7.9 |
| IIV CL/F (%) | 23.1 | 35.4 | 9.2 | 37.2 |
| IIV V/F (%) | 28.2 | 49.1 | 23.1 | 54.2 |
| IIV ka (%) | 29.2 | 42.3 | 26.8 | 43.7 |
| Residual error | ||||
| Proportional (%) | 42.9 | 14.4 | 40.0 | 11.8 |
| Additive (mg/liter) | 0.002 | 23.3 | 0.002 | 51.6 |
| Factor associated with effect of RTV AUC on CL/Fc | −0.398 | 11.8 | ||
a
RSE = (SEestimate/estimate) × 100.
b
CL/F, apparent oral clearance; V/F, apparent volume of distribution; ka, absorption rate constant; RSE, relative standard error; IIV, interindividual variability; SE, standard error; RTV, ritonavir; AUC, area under the concentration-time curve.
c
Covariate not included in the basic model.