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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 25.
Published in final edited form as: Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng. 2010 Mar 1;98(3):398–406. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2039029

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Micropatterning technologies commonly used for cellular lithography. (a) Laser ablation: a permissive coating is ablated through a mask. (b) Photoresist processing: here a permissive material is protected in desired areas by photoresist; unprotected areas are chemically etched and then reacted with a non-permissive coating. (c) Micro-contact printing: the surface is prepared with a chemical linker, the stamp is inked with the permissive material and the surface stamped, perhaps with multiple inks, and perhaps reacted with a nonpermissive material in the final step. (d) Electrode arrays with metal conductors have their insulating surfaces modified to lead neurons to grow over the top of electrodes.