Fig. 3.

Designing with astroglia and defined media. (a) Astroglia develop after neurons in culture, but much prefer neurons to cytophobic substrates, adding stability to a complex network (26 days in culture. Red astroglia, green neurons; reproduced with permission of Koninklijke Brill NV [57]). (b) Deliberately adding astroglia increases firing rates (reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press [60].) (c) Deliberately fine tuning the media also increases neural activity. (reproduced with permission of Elsevier [61].)