Figure 1.

Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) and normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) cells. Effects of increasing concentrations [expressed as optical density (OD) at 320 nm] of CSE on VEGF release in ASMC (A) and in NHLF (B) cultures. CSE effect on cell viability (MTT test) in ASMC (C) and NHLF (D) cultures. Each histogram is the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in quadruplicate. n.d., not detectable. Statistically different from basal (vehicle-treated), Dunnett's test after anova, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.