FIG 6 .

Time course of the commensal-to-pathogen switch of E. faecalis. The commensal-to-pathogen switch of E. faecalis is shown in this representative schematic. Following ingestion of E. faecalis and B. thuringiensis toxin, there is a loss of gut integrity (second row from top) that allows the translocation of E. faecalis into the hemocoel of M. sexta (third row from top). The presence of E. faecalis in the hemolymph results in hemocyte aggregation/innate immune activation; however, the innate immune response (indicated by hemocyte aggregation; bottom row) is not potent enough to prevent melanization (top row) and sepsis-like death of the larvae.