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Histology from 12-month-old H-RasQ61L mice reveal activation of the MAPK signalling pathway. The H-RasQ61L urothelium is hyperplastic in comparison with the wild-type urothelium (a and b). There was minimal proliferation as observed by Ki67 staining in wild-type and mutant mice (c and d). We noticed significant upregulation of the MAPK pathway members: pERK1/2 (e and f) and pMEK1/2 (g and h), as well as p21 (i and j) in the mutant mice compared with wild type
