Table 2.
Characteristics of Study Population by Progression of Coronary Calcification and Type 1 Diabetes Status
| |
Progression of coronary calcification |
No progression of coronary calcification |
P value for difference between progression and no progression |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | DM (n = 119) | Non-DM (n = 59) | DM (n = 387) | Non-DM (n = 532) | P DM | P non-DM |
| Lp-PLA2 | ||||||
| Mass (ng/mL) | 293.5 ± 82.4 | 291.9 ± 85.0 | 282.8 ± 78.1 | 276.0 ± 76.7 | 0.19 | 0.13 |
| Activity (nmol/min/mL) | 141.2 ± 2.9 | 167.8 ± 34.0 | 136.0 ± 28.8 | 143.5 ± 34.9 | 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 42.4 ± 7.9 | 46.6 ± 7.3 | 35.0 ± 8.4 | 39.0 ± 8.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Male (%) | 57.90% | 83.10% | 42.60% | 45.10% | 0.003 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 176.1 ± 32.2 | 202.3 ± 40.9 | 172.9 ± 33.8 | 190.2 ± 35.9 | 0.36 | 0.02 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 101.1 ± 26.5 | 128.0 ± 34.1 | 98.9 ± 28.7 | 114.3 ± 32.4 | 0.45 | 0.002 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.7 ± 17.1 | 43.0 ± 8.7 | 56.5 ± 16.0 | 52.4 ± 14.7 | 0.67 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 96.3 (32–368) | 156.5 (50–400) | 87.7 (25–357) | 117.7 (27–396) | 0.03 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 4.8 | 29.6 ± 5.6 | 25.9 ± 4.1 | 25.6 ± 4.6 | 0.06 | <0.0001 |
| Average waist (cm) | 88.8 ± 13.0 | 99.3 ± 13.4 | 83.6 ± 11.7 | 84.1 ± 13.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Visceral fat at L4–L5 (cm2) | 10.5 (8–12) | 11.0 (10–12) | 10.3 (9–12) | 10.5 (8–12) | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
| Subcutaneous fat at L4–L5 (cm2) | 11.7 (9–13) | 12.0 (8–13) | 11.7 (10–13) | 11.7 (9.7–13) | 0.94 | 0.0005 |
| CRP (μg/mL) | 2.2 (0.4–29) | 1.7 (0.6–5.8) | 1.9 (0.3–21) | 1.8 (0.2–17.3) | 0.23 | 0.85 |
| Baseline CAC | 164.7 ± 411.4 | 92.2 ± 189.9 | 12.9 ± 62.4 | 4.0 ± 19.9 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking (%) | ||||||
| Current | 11.9% | 8.5% | 9.7% | 9.2% | 0.49 | 0.04 |
| Past | 36.4% | 28.8% | 28.5% | 31.1% | 0.1 | 0.13 |
| Statin use (% current) | 26.9% | 3.4% | 10.3% | 4.1% | <0.0001 | 0.07 |
| Hypertension | 64.7% | 27.1% | 32.6% | 13.2% | <0.0001 | 0.004 |
BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CRP, C-reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2.