Table 1.
Selected Characteristics of PACTG 219C Participants with Adherence and Behavioral Assessments (N = 1134)
| Characteristic | Overall n (%) | Adherent to whole regimen n (%) | Nonadherent to whole regimen n (%) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 584 (52) | 492 (50) | 92 (58) | 0.09a |
| Age | 0.22b | |||
| 3–6 years | 192 (17) | 171 (18) | 21 (13) | |
| > 6–9 years | 342 (30) | 292 (30) | 50 (31) | |
| > 9–12 years | 404 (36) | 347 (36) | 57 (36) | |
| > 12–15 | 193 (17) | 163 (17) | 30 (19) | |
| > 15–17 | 3 (<1) | 2 (<1) | 1 (<1) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.03c | |||
| White | 153 (13) | 143 (15) | 10 (6) | |
| African American | 687 (61) | 584 (60) | 103 (65) | |
| Latino | 275 (24) | 231 (24) | 44 (28) | |
| Other | 19 (2) | 17 (2) | 2 (1) | |
| Child/adolescent knows HIV status | 434 (38) | 365 (37) | 69 (43) | 0.16a |
| Primary caregiver | 0.08c | |||
| Biological parent | 504 (44) | 419 (43) | 85 (53) | |
| Adult relative | 294 (26) | 258 (26) | 36 (23) | |
| Nonrelative adult | 332 (29) | 294 (30) | 38 (24) | |
| Other | 4 (<1) | 4 (<1) | 0 (0) | |
| Education level of primary caregiver | 0.02c | |||
| Grade 1–11 | 293 (26) | 247 (25) | 46 (29) | |
| High school graduate | 352 (31) | 312 (32) | 40 (25) | |
| Some college/technical school | 287 (25) | 235 (24) | 52 (33) | |
| College graduate or higher | 125 (11) | 116 (12) | 9 (6) | |
| Other/not reported | 77 (7) | 65 (7) | 12 (8) | |
| CD4 percent | 0.66b | |||
| 15% or less | 94 (8) | 82 (8) | 12 (7) | |
| 15–25% | 217 (19) | 181 (19) | 36 (23) | |
| 25% or more | 823 (73) | 712 (73) | 111 (70) | |
| HIV-1 viral load (copies/mL) | < 0.01b | |||
| 400 copies or less | 501 (44) | 450 (46) | 51 (32) | |
| 401–10,000 copies | 356 (31) | 300 (31) | 56 (35) | |
| 10,001–100,000 copies | 277 (24) | 225 (23) | 52 (33) | |
| CDC class Cd | 287 (25) | 255 (26) | 32 (20) | 0.12a |
| Complete adherence (prior 3 days) | n/a | |||
| To all ART drugs (N = 1134) | 975 (86) | n/a | n/a | |
| To NRTIs (N = 1127) | 986 (87) | n/a | n/a | |
| To NNRTIs (N = 407) | 375 (92) | n/a | n/a | |
| To PIs (N = 830) | 733 (88) | n/a | n/a | |
| On PI at adherence visit | 830 (73) | 723 (74) | 107 (67) | 0.08a |
| On boosted PI regimen | 221 (20) | 193 (20) | 28 (18) | 0.59a |
| Antiretroviral regimen | 0.07c | |||
| HAART with PI | 805 (71) | 700 (72) | 105 (66) | |
| HAART without PI | 129 (11) | 112 (11) | 17 (11) | |
| Single NRTI | 11 (1) | 10 (1) | 1 (<1) | |
| Dual NRTI | 115 (10) | 90 (9) | 25 (16) | |
| > 3 NRTIs | 42 (4) | 33 (3) | 9 (6) | |
| Other combination therapy | 32 (3) | 30 (3) | 2 (1) | |
| Duration of HAART (years) | 0.01b | |||
| < 2 | 370 (33) | 309 (32) | 61 (38) | |
| 2–4 | 500 (44) | 427 (44) | 73 (46) | |
| > 4–6 | 230 (20) | 208 (21) | 22 (14) | |
| > 6 | 34 (3) | 31 (3) | 3 (2) | |
| Memory prompt required | 312 (28) | 260 (27) | 52 (33) | 0.13a |
| Type of ART reminderse | ||||
| Activity of daily living | 291 (26) | 257 (26) | 34 (21) | 0.20a |
| Pillboxes | 166 (15) | 135 (14) | 31 (20) | 0.07a |
| Buddy system | 82 (7) | 75 (8) | 7 (4) | 0.18a |
| Labels | 154 (14) | 137 (14) | 17 (11) | 0.32a |
| Physical/social role functioningf | ||||
| Limited activities due to illness | 119 (10) | 106 (13) | 13 (9) | 0.33a |
| Limited school attendance | 126 (13) | 112 (13) | 14 (10) | 0.34a |
| Repeated a grade | 238 (24) | 205 (24) | 33 (24) | 1.00a |
| Participated in sports | 614 (63) | 523 (62) | 91 (65) | 0.51a |
| Attended special class/help | 348 (36) | 301 (36) | 47 (34) | 0.70a |
| Responsibility for medication (person reporting adherence) | < 0.01c | |||
| Biological parent | 460 (41) | 382 (39) | 78 (49) | |
| Adult relative | 247 (22) | 225 (23) | 22 (14) | |
| Nonrelative adult | 284 (25) | 256 (26) | 28 (18) | |
| Selfg | 143 (12) | 112 (11) | 31 (20) | |
| Had recent life stressh | 608 (55) | 506 (53) | 102 (66) | < 0.01a |
| At least one neurologic diagnosis | 171 (15) | 151 (15) | 20 (13) | 0.40a |
| At least one psychiatric diagnosis | 191 (17) | 164 (17) | 27 (17) | 1.00a |
a
Fisher's Exact test.
b
Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test.
c
χ2 test.
d
Three missing observations.
e
Participants could report using more than one type of reminder.
f
153–157 missing observations.
g
Includes four children who were assisted by caregiver in reporting adherence.
h
31 missing observations.
ART, antiretrovirals; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs, protease inhibitors.