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. 2011 Apr 12;7:481. doi: 10.1038/msb.2011.14

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Copyright © 2011, EMBO and Macmillan Publishers Limited

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License, which permits distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation or the creation of derivative works without specific permission.

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The predominant effect of selection on synonymous site on gene expression. Synonymous codons correspond to the same amino acid and yet might differ from each other by their adaptation to the cellular tRNA pool and also by their contribution to the secondary structure and the stability of the transcript. The effect of each attribute on translation properties and the further consequences on gene expression is marked with pale blue (for codon–anticodon adaptation) or yellow (for mRNA folding).