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. 2011 May 25;6(5):e20058. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020058

Table 3. Hazard ratios (95%CI) for any cardiovascular, non-fatal cardiovascular and coronary heart disease events per hour/day increase in television viewing in 12,608 men and women in EPIC Norfolk, 1998–2007.

Model Any cardiovascular event Non-fatal cardiovascular event Coronary heart disease event
Models Hazard ratio (95%CI) P-value Hazard ratio (95%CI) P-value Hazard ratio (95%CI) P-value
Model A 1.10 (1.07–1.13) <0.001 1.10 (1.07–1.14) <0.001 1.14 (1.09–1.19) <0.001
Model B 1.06 (1.03–1.09) <0.001 1.07 (1.03–1.10) <0.001 1.09 (1.04–1.14) <0.001
Model C 1.06 (1.03–1.08) <0.001 1.06 (1.03–1.09) <0.001 1.08 (1.03–1.13) <0.001

Participants with self-reported or diagnosed history of stroke, myocardial infarction or cancer at baseline were excluded.

Model A: adjusted for age and gender.

Model B: Model A additionally adjusted for education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication for hypertension, medication for dyslipidaemia, medication for depression, baseline diabetes status, family history of cardiovascular disease and sleep duration.

Model C: Model B additionally adjusted for total physical activity energy expenditure (MET*hours/day).

Examination of the Schoenfeld residuals and the Kaplan-Meier plots indicated that the proportional hazards assumption was reasonable for these data.