Table 3. Hazard ratios (95%CI) for any cardiovascular, non-fatal cardiovascular and coronary heart disease events per hour/day increase in television viewing in 12,608 men and women in EPIC Norfolk, 1998–2007.
Model | Any cardiovascular event | Non-fatal cardiovascular event | Coronary heart disease event | |||
Models | Hazard ratio (95%CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95%CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95%CI) | P-value |
Model A | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.07–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | <0.001 |
Model B | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.03–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | <0.001 |
Model C | 1.06 (1.03–1.08) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | <0.001 |
Participants with self-reported or diagnosed history of stroke, myocardial infarction or cancer at baseline were excluded.
Model A: adjusted for age and gender.
Model B: Model A additionally adjusted for education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication for hypertension, medication for dyslipidaemia, medication for depression, baseline diabetes status, family history of cardiovascular disease and sleep duration.
Model C: Model B additionally adjusted for total physical activity energy expenditure (MET*hours/day).
Examination of the Schoenfeld residuals and the Kaplan-Meier plots indicated that the proportional hazards assumption was reasonable for these data.